Prevalence of hypertension among patients aged 50 and older living with human immunodeficiency virus

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is one of the common medical conditions observed among patients aged 50 years and elder living with HIV (EPLWH) and to date no systematic review has estimated its global prevalence. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review to estimate the global prevalence of hypertension among EPLWH. Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Global Health databases for relevant publications up till May 25, 2018. Study Selection: Observational studies (cohort or cross-sectional studies) that estimated the prevalence of hypertension among EPLWH. Data Extraction: Required data were extracted independently by three reviewers and the main outcome was hypertension prevalence among EPLWH. Data Synthesis: The 24 (n = 29,987) eligible studies included were conducted in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. A low level bias threat to the estimated hypertension prevalence rates was observed. The global prevalence of hypertension among EPLWH was estimated at 42.0% (95% CI 29.6%–55.4%), I 2 = 100%. The subgroup analysis showed that North America has the highest prevalence of hypertension 50.2% (95% CI 29.2% –71.2%) followed by Europe 37.8% (95% CI 30.7%–45.7%) sub-Saharan Africa 31.9% (95% CI 18.5% –49.2%) and Asia 31.0% (95% CI 26.1%–36.3%). We found the mean age of the participants explaining a considerable part of variation in hypertension prevalence. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that two out of five EPLWH are hypertensive. North America appears to have the highest prevalence of hypertension followed by Europe, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Asia respectively. Findings from this study can be utilized to integrate hypertension management to HIV management package. (Registration number: CRD42018103069)

A retrospective analysis of the care cascades for non‐communicable disease and mental health among people living with HIV at a tertiary‐care centre in Malaysia: opportunities to identify gaps and optimize care

“…The prevalence of NCDs were high and similar to other cohorts of PLWH in the region [12][13][14], with diabetes found in 13%, dyslipidaemia 88% and hypertension 44%. For all three NCDs assessed, a significant proportion of participants were previously undiagnosed and identified only as a result of study screening, implying a poor practice of screening for NCDs as part of routine HIV care (Figure 1).…”

Hypertension among people living with human immunodeficiency virus receiving care at referral hospitals of Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

“…Researchers in public health as well as clinical streams have long been recognizing the importance of HTN among PLHIV. Plethora of studies have reported data on HTN among PLHIV in different countries and regions across the world [5,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The reports vary from 4.0% to 67.0% by study population, area and time [25,26].…”

Cohort profile: the Nigerian HIV geriatric cohort study

“…This study described the characteristics of EPLHIV in Nigeria; we found a lower prevalence of hypertension in older people on ART in Nigeria as compared to the prevalence of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa (31.9, 95%CI 18.5-49.2%) and the global prevalence of hypertension (42.0, 95%CI 29.0-55.4%) [25]. Despite the relatively low prevalence of hypertension in older people living with HIV in Nigeria, it is very important for public health experts to deploy preventive interventions that will reduce the occurrence of hypertension.…”