Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Periodontal Health Status

Abstract

Periodontitis is a common, progressive disease that eventually affects the majority of the population. The local destruction of periodontitis is believed to result from a bacterial infection of the gingival sulcus, and several clinical studies have provided evidence to implicate Porphyromonas gingivalis. If P. gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen, it would be expected to be present in most subjects with disease and rarely detected in subjects with good periodontal health. However, in most previous studies, P. gingivalis has not been detected in the majority of subjects with disease, and age-matched, periodontally healthy controls were not included for comparison. The purpose of the study reported here was to compare the prevalence of P. gingivalis in a group with periodontitis to that of a group that is periodontally healthy. A comprehensive sampling strategy and a sensitive PCR assay were used to maximize the likelihood of detection. The target sequence for P. gingivalis-specific amplification was the transcribed spacer region within the ribosomal operon. P. gingivalis was detected in only 25% (46 of 181) of the healthy subjects but was detected in 79% (103 of 130) of the periodontitis group (P < 0.0001). The odds ratio for being infected with P. gingivalis was 11.2 times greater in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group (95% confidence interval, 6.5 to 19.2). These data implicate P. gingivalisin the pathogenesis of periodontitis and suggest that P. gingivalis may not be a normal inhabitant of a periodontally healthy dentition.

The additional value of real‐time PCR in the quantitative detection of periodontal pathogens

“…Our findings also confirm observations of Griffen et al (1998), who, using PCR technique, found an OR of 11.2 for P. gingivalis in adult patients with periodontitis. They found a healthy carrier rate for P. gingivalis of 25%, which is higher in comparison with the 9.9% found in our healthy group.…”

“…They found a healthy carrier rate for P. gingivalis of 25%, which is higher in comparison with the 9.9% found in our healthy group. This may be explained by the more strict clinical criteria we used for selection of periodontally healthy subjects in comparison with Griffen et al (1998), where they accepted CAL measurements up to 5 mm and they also used more samples than we did.…”

Expression ofPorphyromonas gingivalissmall RNA in response to hemin availability identified using microarray and RNA-seq analysis

“…Porphyromonas gingivalis is a nonmotile asaccharolytic Gram-negative obligate anaerobe that requires heme (iron and protoporphyrin IX) for growth. It is recognized as a major pathogen of severe adult periodontitis (Griffen et al, 1998) and implicated in systemic inflammatory conditions including cardiovascular disease (Desvarieux et al, 2005;Rosenfeld & Campbell, 2011;Belstrom et al, 2012), rheumatoid arthritis (Hitchon et al, 2010;Routsias et al, 2011), preeclampsia (Barak et al, 2007;Lachat et al, 2011), and preterm delivery (Lachat et al, 2011). Porphyromonas gingivalis is able to invade multiple cell types, including human vascular and oral cell lines (Lamont et al, 1995;Deshpande et al, 1999;Progulske-Fox et al, 1999;Dorn et al, 2000).…”

Periodontal pathogens: A quantitative comparison of anaerobic culture and real-time PCR

“…The subgingival microflora in deepened periodontal pockets is dominated by Gram-negative anaerobic rods and spirochetes [1,3,5]. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans [6], Porphyromonas gingivalis [7][8][9], Tannerella forsythensis [10,11], Prevotella intermedia [12,13] and Peptostreptococcus micros [14][15][16] are strong markers of periodontitis in adults and these species have been linked to progression of the disease. Fusobacterium spp.…”