Prevalence of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>from nares and hands on health care professionals in a Portuguese Hospital

Castro, A.; Komora, Norton; Ferreira, Vânia; Lira, Agostinho; Mota, Margarida; Silva, Joana; Teixeira, Paula

doi:10.1111/jam.13186

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections 1 . Over the past decades, the incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia has increased significantly 2,3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Iranian healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Emaneini

Jabalameli

Rahdar

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Globally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. Healthcare workers (HCWs), patients and the environment may act as reservoirs for the spread of MRSA to patients and other HCWs. Screening and eradication of MRSA colonization is an effective method of reducing the MRSA infection rate. There are limited data on the prevalence of MRSA among Iranian HCWs. We performed a systematic search by using different electronic databases including Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, and Iranian Databases (from January 2000 to July 2016). Meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Biostat V2.2) software. The meta-analyses showed that the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA among HCWs were 22.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 19.3-26.6] and 32.8% (95% CI: 26.0-40.4) respectively. The high rate of nasal MRSA carriage among Iranian HCWs has been attributed to poor compliance to hand hygiene, injudicious use of antibiotics, and ineffective infection control and prevention measures. The rational use of antibiotics plus strict infection control are the main pillars for controlling multidrug resistant microorganisms such as MRSA in the hospital setting. These measurements should be applied nationally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Iranian healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Emaneini

Jabalameli

Rahdar

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…(33) Recent articles have proven the resistance to beta-lactams, such as erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and clindamycin. (29,30) All this evidence demonstrates the need to produce new antibiotics to combat multi-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. (28) More recently, mutation has favored the emergence of vancomycin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus, and it has been possible to identify that these bacteria are progressing in their resistance capability due to the uncontrolled use of pharmaceutical drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(28) According to the studies analyzed, the hands and nostrils were the main reservoirs of the microorganisms. (29)(30)(31) The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to become pathogenic to individuals is a matter of great concern. In recent years, bacteria have become an increasingly prominent cause of occupational health-related infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonização bacteriana e resistência antimicrobiana em trabalhadores de saúde: revisão integrativa

2017

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“…Laboratorybased screening for MRSA colonisation of HCWs is a key element in enabling control measures and early therapeutic decisions. An overview of the published work highlights that carriage of MSSA or MRSA in HCWs occurs at a variable rate in countries with very different public health and social structures, however, there is no simple way to predict carriage rates on the basis of the mentioned variables [11,14,16,18,21,[24][25][26][27]. Differences in the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus strains may be due in part to differences in the quality and size of samples and the use of different techniques and different interpretation guidelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anterior nares are the main reservoir of MRSA, although other body sites are frequently colonised, such as the hands, skin, axillae, and intestinal tract [14,15]. Approximately 30 % of the human population is colonized with S. aureus [16]. It is estimated that 20-30 % of individuals are persistent carriers of S. aureus, around 30 % are intermittent carriers, and 40-50 % are noncarriers [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and its Antibiotic Susceptibility among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in Ukraine

Salmanov

Verner

Shelkova

et al. 2018

Inter. jour. antoboit. and probiot.

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BACKGROUND. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among hospital personnel is a common cause of hospital acquired infections. Emergence of drug resistant strains especially methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a serious problem in hospital environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus its antibiotic susceptibility among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Ukraine. METHODS. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017. The study included medical workers from 19 hospitals in different Ukrainian regions. Nasal swabs were taken from 755 randomly selected HCWs. The mean age of participants was 32.41 ± 8.29 years (range 19-74 years) with a male-tofemale ratio of 0.47. The isolates were identified as S. aureus based on morphology, Gram stain, catalase test, coagulase test, and mannitol salt agar fermentation. The sensitivity patterns of S. aureus strains were determined by disk diffusion method (Kirby -Bauer). The panel of antibiotics used in sensitivity tests included: penicillin, oxacillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, gentamicin, tobramicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, mupirocin, nitrofurantoin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, fosfomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, rifampicin, linezolid, tetracycline, tigecycline, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, and fusidic acid. Interpretative criteria were those suggested by the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). MRSA were confirmed by detection of the mecA gene by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS. Nasal screening identified 31.1 % (235/755) S. aureus carriers. Of the 235 nasal carriers of S. aureus, 83.4 % (196/755) carried MSSA (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus) and 39/755 (16.6 %) carried MRSA. The frequency of MRSA and MSSA carriage also varied according to the department/ward. The highest prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA was in the surgical wards. The staff of the general, pediatric, cardiovascular, neuro and orthopedic surgery wards together with the emergency department accounted for 56.4 % of all MRSA carriers. There was no significant difference between the sexes (p = 0.247), age (p = 0.817), and years of healthcare service (p = 0.15) with regard to the nasal carriage of MRSA and MSSA. In univariate analysis we divided the hospital departments into: emergency, internal medicine, pediatrics, ICUs, surgery, and non-medical units and found no significant difference between MSSA and MRSA carriers (p = 0.224). In the multivariate analysis, the occupation «nurse» was independently associated with MRSA carriage (p = 0.012, odds ratio 3.6, 95 % confidence interval 1.3-9.7). All the S. aureus isolates recovered from nasal carriers, were susceptible to linezolid, tigecycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, and mupirocin. Susceptibility to the other antimicrobials was also on a high level: 98.3 % of strains were found susceptible to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, 96.2 % -to nitrofurantoin, 95.3 % -to fusidic acid, 92.3 % -to fosfomicin, 88....

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Prevalence ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom nares and hands on health care professionals in a Portuguese Hospital

Abstract: These findings may have implications on the knowledge of healthy health care workers as vehicles of MRSA infections among the community. Presence of several virulence factors may contribute to increased pathogenesis in case of infection.

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Iranian healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Iranian healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Colonização bacteriana e resistência antimicrobiana em trabalhadores de saúde: revisão integrativa

Prevalence of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and its Antibiotic Susceptibility among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in Ukraine

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