Prevalence of Infection with Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in the Wild Boar Population in the Campania Region (Southern Italy)

Amoroso, Maria Grazia; Serra, Francesco; Esposito, Claudia; D’Alessio, Nicola; Ferrara, Gianmarco; Cioffi, Barbara; Anzalone, Antonietta; Pagnini, Ugo; Carlo, Esterina De; Fusco, Giovanna; Montagnaro, Serena

doi:10.3390/ani11113215

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…On the other hand, PCV-3 infection in the second-third of gestation, due to the lack of fetal immunocompetence, may lead to the birth of immunotolerant pigs. This latter scenario would explain potential persistent PCV-3 infections postnatally, as it has also been sporadically observed in the abovementioned work, in which few animals were PCR positive at all sampling points during their lifespan [19]. However, the current available laboratory techniques do not allow the full assessment of such condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…These latter cases would be diagnosed under the scope of the recently proposed PCV-3-RD [7,15]. Moreover, this virus has also been detected in high prevalence in wild boars [17][18][19] and, sporadically, in other wildlife species [20], highlighting the importance of wildlife surveillance to look for potential reservoirs of infectious pathogens or spillover events [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploratory Study of the Frequency of Detection and Tissue Distribution of Porcine Circovirus 3 (PCV-3) in Pig Fetuses at Different Gestational Ages

et al. 2022

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Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has been associated with several pig diseases. Despite the pathogenicity of this virus has not been completely clarified, reproductive disorders are consistently associated with its infection. The aim of the present work was to analyze the presence of PCV-3 DNA in tissues from pig fetuses from different gestational timepoints. The fetuses were obtained either from farms with no reproductive problems (NRP, n = 249; all of them from the last third of gestation) or from a slaughterhouse (S, n = 51; 49 of the second-third of gestation and 2 from the third one). Tissues collected included brain, heart, lung, kidney, and/or spleen. Overall, the frequency of detection of PCV-3 was significantly higher in fetuses from the last third of the gestation (69/251, 27.5%) when compared to those from the second-third (5/49, 10.2%), although the viral loads were not significantly different. Moreover, the frequency of detection in NRP fetuses (69/249, 27.7%) was significantly higher than in S ones (5/51, 9.8%). Furthermore, PCV-3 DNA was detected in all tissue types analyzed. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a higher frequency of PCV-3 DNA detection in fetuses from late periods of the gestation and highlights wide organ distributions of the virus in pig fetuses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory Study of the Frequency of Detection and Tissue Distribution of Porcine Circovirus 3 (PCV-3) in Pig Fetuses at Different Gestational Ages

et al. 2022

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“…Recent studies showed PCV2 sequences from wild boar and domestic pigs were closely related in Slovenia [ 49 ] and Germany [ 46 ], as well as in Hungary and Romania [ 45 , 47 ]. In Poland, nine PCV2 genotype b sequences from wild boar showed very high identity with sequences from domestic pigs, a pattern also noted among genotype a [ 48 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Rudova

Buttler

Kovalenko

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is responsible for a number of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD) that can severely impact domestic pig herds. For a non-enveloped virus with a small genome (1.7 kb ssDNA), PCV2 is remarkably diverse, with eight genotypes (a–h). New genotypes of PCV2 can spread through the migration of wild boar, which are thought to infect domestic pigs and spread further through the domestic pig trade. Despite a large swine population, the diversity of PCV2 genotypes in Ukraine has been under-sampled, with few PCV2 genome sequences reported in the past decade. To gain a deeper understanding of PCV2 genotype diversity in Ukraine, samples of blood serum were collected from wild boars (n = 107) that were hunted in Ukraine during the November–December 2012 hunting season. We found 34/107 (31.8%) prevalence of PCV2 by diagnostic PCR. For domestic pigs, liver samples (n = 16) were collected from a commercial market near Kharkiv in 2019, of which 6 out of 16 (37%) samples were positive for PCV2. We sequenced the genotyping locus ORF2, a gene encoding the PCV2 viral capsid (Cap), for 11 wild boar and six domestic pig samples in Ukraine using an Oxford Nanopore MinION device. Of 17 samples with resolved genotypes, the PCV2 genotype b was the most common in wild boar samples (10 out of 11, 91%), while the domestic pigs were infected with genotypes b and d. We also detected genotype b/d and b/a co-infections in wild boars and domestic pigs, respectively, and for the first time in Ukraine we detected genotype f in a wild boar from Poltava. Building a maximum-likelihood phylogeny, we identified a sublineage of PCV2 genotype b infections in both wild and domestic swine, suggesting a possible epizootic cluster and an ecological interaction between wild boar and domestic pig populations in northeastern Ukraine.

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“…Recent studies showed PCV2 sequences from wild boar and domestic pigs were closely related in Slovenia [49], Germany [46], and Hungary and Romania [45,47]. In Poland, nine PCV2 subtype b sequences from wild boar showed very high identity with sequences from domestic pigs, a pattern also noted among subtype a [48,50].…”

Section: Transmission and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 Subtypes in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Rudova¹,

Buttler²,

Kovalenko³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is responsible for a number of porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCAD) that can severely impact domestic pig herds. For a non-enveloped virus with a small genome (1.7 kb ssDNA), PCV2 is remarkably diverse, with 8 subtypes (a-h). New subtypes of PCV2 can spread through migration of wild boars, which are thought to infect domestic pigs and spread further through the domestic pig trade. Despite a large swine population, the diversity of PCV2 subtypes in Ukraine has been undersampled, with few PCV2 genome sequences reported in the past decade. To gain a deeper understanding of PCV2 subtype diversity in Ukraine, samples of blood serum were collected from wild boars (n = 107) that were hunted in Ukraine during the November-December 2012 hunting season. We found 34/107 (31.8%) prevalence of PCV2 by diagnostic PCR. For domestic pigs, liver samples (n = 16) were collected from a commercial market near Kharkiv in 2019, of which 6/16 (37%) were positive for PCV2. We sequenced the genotyping locus ORF2, a gene encoding the PCV2 viral capsid (Cp), for 11 wild boar and 6 domestic pig samples in Ukraine using an Oxford Nanopore MinION device. Of 17 samples with resolved subtypes, PCV2 subtype b was most common in wild boar (10/11, 91%), while domestic pigs were infected with subtypes b and d. We also detected subtype b/d and b/a co-infections in wild boar and domestic pigs, respectively, and subtype f in a wild boar from Poltava for the first time in Ukraine. Building a maximum likelihood phylogeny, we identified a sublineage of PCV2 subtype b infections in both wild and domestic swine, suggesting a possible epizootic cluster and ecological interaction in northeastern Ukraine.

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Prevalence of Infection with Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in the Wild Boar Population in the Campania Region (Southern Italy)

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Exploratory Study of the Frequency of Detection and Tissue Distribution of Porcine Circovirus 3 (PCV-3) in Pig Fetuses at Different Gestational Ages

Exploratory Study of the Frequency of Detection and Tissue Distribution of Porcine Circovirus 3 (PCV-3) in Pig Fetuses at Different Gestational Ages

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 Subtypes in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

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