Prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus infection measured by antibodies to recombinant capsid protein and latent immunofluorescence antigen

Simpson, Guy R.; Schulz, Thomas F.; Whitby, Denise; Cook, Paul; Boshoff, Chris; Rainbow, Lucille; Howard, Mark; Gao, Shou‐Jiang; Bohenzky, Roy A.; Simmonds, Peter; Lee, C.; Ruiter, Annemiek de; Hatzakis, Angelos; Tedder, Richard S.; Weller, Ivd; Weiss, Robin A.; Moore, Patrick S.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07560-5

Cited by 573 publications

(549 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

482

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Of these, three studies identified evidence of KSHV-DNA in peripheral blood cells (Chang et al, 1996;Kasolo et al, 1997;Belec et al, 1998), two used a lytic antibody assay alone (He et al, 1998;Lampinen et al, 2000), five used a latent antibody assay alone Ariyoshi et al, 1998;Bestetti et al, 1998;Bourboulia et al, 1998;Sitas et al, 1999) and 18 used both a lytic and a latent assay (Lennette et al, 1996;Simpson et al, 1996;Mayama et al, 1998;Olsen et al, 1988;Ablashi et al, 1999;Andreoni et al, 1999Andreoni et al, , 2002Enbom et al, 1999;Gessain et al, 1999;Wilkinson et al, 1999;Engels et al, 2000;Rezza et al, 2000;Gaye Serraino-Diallo et al, 2001;Kakoola et al, 2001;Nuvor et al, 2001;Serraino et al, 2001;Wawer et al, 2001). The results are presented in Table 1, together with the estimated cumulative incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in men aged 0 -64 years in the period before HIV infection (Cook-Mozaffari et al, 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in Africa in relation to the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the years before human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma varied markedly across the African continent, and it was a disease primarily affecting men. In contrast, the evidence reviewed here shows that the causal virusKaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) -is prevalent in many African countries, including places where Kaposi's sarcoma was almost unknown before HIV, and that it is as common in women as in men. Therefore, the geographical distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa before the spread of HIV and its predominance as a disease affecting men are not a simple reflection of the distribution of KSHV. Since the epidemic of HIV in Africa, Kaposi's sarcoma has become relatively more frequent in women, and the incidence has increased in countries where it was previously rare, but where KSHV is prevalent, as well as in countries where it was already common. These changes point to a role for other (as yet unknown) factors in the aetiology of Kaposi's sarcoma that may have the most effect in the absence of concurrent HIV infection.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in Africa in relation to the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, the virus has been found in all types of KS, and infection with the virus seems to precede development of the disease (Chang et al, 1994;Moore and Chang, 1995;Whitby et al, 1995). In addition, recent serological studies have indicated that KS incidence correlates with the seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 Simpson et al, 1996). 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Calendar period Figure 1 Reported incidence rates of classical KS by calendar period and country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High incidence of classical Kaposi's sarcoma in Iceland and the Faroe Islands

Hjalgrim

Tulinius²,

Dalberg³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary We have examined the incidence of non-AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in Iceland and the Faroe Islands . In Iceland, 19 cases, nine in men and ten in women, were identified, and in the Faroe Islands four cases in men and three cases in women were found. This corresponded to surprisingly high incidence rates. In men, world standardized rates (per 100 000 person-years) were 0.4 and 0.6 in Iceland and the Faroe Islands, respectively, and for women, the figures were 0.3 (Iceland) and 0.5 (the Faroe Islands). These are among the highest rates ever reported. No explanation for the high rates of Kaposi's sarcoma in these two North Atlantic communities could be identified.Keywords: Kaposi's sarcoma; Iceland, Faroe Islands; epidemiology From an increasing number of epidemiological studies it has become evident that the incidence of classical Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) differs considerably between Caucasian populations. Accordingly, within Europe alone, reported annual rates per 100 000 persons have varied from 2.43 and 0.77 in Sardinian men and women, respectively, in the period 1977-91, to 0.014 in both men and women in the UK in the period (Grulich et al, 1992;Cottoni et al, 1996).The pronounced geographical gradient in incidence of classical KS in Europe, with high rates observed in the Mediterranean area and low rates in northern areas, is in accordance with other studies suggesting a disproportionately high number of persons of southEuropean descent among patients with classical KS even in nonMediterranean countries (DiGiovanna and Safai, 1981;Grulich et al, 1992;Kaldor et al, 1994;Hjalgrim et al, 1996a). However, in a recent study of classical KS in four Nordic countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark) before the AIDS epidemic, we reported that highly significant variation in incidence amounting to eightfold in women and 13-fold in men may also exist between four ethnically very similar, neighbouring populations (Hjalgrim et al, 1996b). As this variation could not be attributed to any known risk factor for classical KS, including proportion of immigrants from high-risk areas, transplantations, diagnostic or registrational procedures, it may suggest the existence of an environmental factor of significance for the development of KS (Hjalgrim et al, 1996b).Intrigued by the variation in KS incidence between these four countries, we ascertained the incidence of classical KS in two other geographically distinct Nordic populations, Iceland and the MATERIAL AND METHODS Case-ascertainment proceduresThe Icelandic Cancer Registry has registered KS separately since its establishment in 1955. For the purpose of the present study, all reports of KS in the registry in the period until 1979 were identified, and the original histological specimens were reviewed by one of us (SH) to confirm the diagnosis. The limitation of the study period was applied to avoid misclassification of cases of AIDSrelated KS, because AIDS diagnoses are not recorded by the registry. Although attempts have been made to initiate continuous canc...

show abstract

“…The development of antibodies to the HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen is considered the hallmark of latent HHV-8 infection, and seropositivity for antibodies to Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is found in over 85% of patients with Kaposi sarcoma as compared with only 1-4% of the general population. 2,3 The presence of LANA antibodies in HIV-positive patients strongly correlates with the risk of developing Kaposi sarcoma. 4 Monoclonal antibodies to LANA have recently been developed for use in formalin-fixed and frozen tissues, and have been shown to be reliable markers of latent HHV-8 infection in Kaposi sarcoma as well as other HHV-8-associated processes, such as primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latency-associated nuclear antigen expression and human herpesvirus-8 polymerase chain reaction in the evaluation of Kaposi sarcoma and other vascular tumors in HIV-positive patients

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is expressed in endothelial and spindle cells of nearly all Kaposi sarcomas, and the presence of this antigen in serum is strongly correlated with the risk of developing Kaposi sarcoma in immunocompromised individuals. Studies of vascular tumors occurring in the general population show LANA expression to be specific for Kaposi sarcoma. No study to date, however, has examined whether non-Kaposi sarcoma vascular tumors arising in immunocompromised patients may express LANA, possibly reflecting origin from an HHV-8-infected endothelial progenitor cell. The objective of this study was to evaluate the specificity of LANA expression for Kaposi sarcoma in immunocompromised patients by LANA immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HHV-8. A total of 13 cases of non-Kaposi sarcoma vascular tumors (12 hemangiomas and one epithelioid hemangioendothelioma) and 24 cases of Kaposi sarcoma, all from known HIV-positive patients, were immunostained for LANA and evaluated for the presence of HHV-8 DNA by real-time PCR. LANA expression was seen in 22 of 24 (92%) of Kaposi sarcoma cases and in 0 of 13 non-Kaposi sarcoma cases. Real-time PCR detected HHV-8 in all of the Kaposi sarcoma cases and in four of the non-Kaposi sarcoma cases (all hemangiomas). LANA expression appears to be a highly sensitive and specific marker of Kaposi sarcoma in both the general population and in HIV-positive patients. This is in contrast to HHV-8 PCR, which is positive in a small subset of non-Kaposi sarcoma vascular tumors, most likely due to detection of HHV-8 within intratumoral blood mononuclear cells by the highly sensitive real-time PCR technique. For this reason, LANA immunohistochemistry is preferable to HHV-8 PCR for the evaluation of problematic vascular proliferations in HIV-positive individuals.

show abstract

Prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus infection measured by antibodies to recombinant capsid protein and latent immunofluorescence antigen

Cited by 573 publications

References 28 publications

Review of the distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in Africa in relation to the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma

Review of the distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in Africa in relation to the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma

High incidence of classical Kaposi's sarcoma in Iceland and the Faroe Islands

Latency-associated nuclear antigen expression and human herpesvirus-8 polymerase chain reaction in the evaluation of Kaposi sarcoma and other vascular tumors in HIV-positive patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About