Prevalence of metabolic syndrome using international diabetes federation, National Cholesterol Education Panel- Adult Treatment Panel III and Iranian criteria: results of Tabari cohort study

Abstract

Background Metabolic syndrome is defined by co-incidence of multiple metabolic disorders such as central obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, hyperglycemia and high blood pressure, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome using Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Iranian criteria in large-scaled population based cohort study and to determine the concordance between these criteria. Methods In the present study all information collected in Tabari cohort study(TCS) were utilized. These information were collected using a structural questionnaire and taking blood samples from all the participants. Blood pressure and anthropometric indices were measured for all participants by trained practitioners. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square test. In addition, the quantitative variables were compared between the two the groups using independent t-test. Kappa coefficient was estimated to show the agreement between the results of the three criteria. Results The prevalences of Metabolic syndrome were 41.10%(CI 95%:40.10-42.02), 44.60%(CI 95%:43.61-45.54), and 30.80% (CI 95%:29.89-31.69) based on ATPIII, international IDF and IDF Iranian criteria respectively. The Kappa agreement coefficients between Iranian IDF with ATPIII definition and international IDF were estimated as 61.80% and 71.20% in the total population respectively. Conclusion Kappa coefficient showed that the Iranian IDF had a good agreement with International IDF and an intermediate agreement with the ATP-III. Considering more emphasis of international and Iranian IDF on waist circumference (WC), a better agreement between these two criteria is plausible. Regarding the high prevalence of abdominal obesity among Iranian population, applying these criteria to identify high risk persons might be helpful.

Serum liver enzymes and metabolic syndrome from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study

“…(1) Waist circumference ø 102 cm for men and ø 88 cm for women, (2) triglyceride ø 150 mg/dL or use of medication, (3) HDL \ 40 mg/dL in men or \50 mg/ dL in women or use of medication, ( 4) hypertension (systolic blood pressure ø 130 mmHg or diastolic pressure ø 85 mmHg) or use of medication, and (5) hyperglycemia (FBS ø 100 mg/dL or use of medication). 3 Elevated serum ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP levels were defined according to the reference range of the laboratory in cohort center. Elevated serum both ALT and AST levels were defined as .40 U/L (males) and .35 U/L (females).…”

Determination of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in metabolic syndrome patients from Saudi population

“…Determination of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in metabolic syndrome patients from Saudi population Organization (WHO), and International Diabetes Foundation (IDF)and. 4 Cytokines are immune mediators, which are chemically complex peptides that perform various regulatory functions, and their role has been connected to MetS and its different constituents. 5 In the MetS, the excessive deposition of fat in adipose tissue provides an inflammation environment development triggered by the intrusion of various cells like lymphocytes, macrophages, and suppressor cells.…”

“… 3 As the metabolic syndrome is a complex anomaly, the definition for disease categorization has been explained by various organizations like Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), the World Health Organization (WHO), and International Diabetes Foundation (IDF)and. 4 …”

Inulin from Dioscorea esculenta and Metformin in Combination Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome in Rats by Altering Short-Chain Fatty Acids

“…1 It has been reported increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. 2,3 Patients with MetS have a 2x higher risk of death and a 3x higher risk of having a heart attack and stroke compared to healthy people. 4 A study in Kairo showed that 33.3% of patients with MetS had vessel occulation and more severe coronary artery disease.…”

“…6 According to the International Federation of Diabetes criteria, the global prevalence of MetS is 25%. 2 An unhealthy lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of MetS. 7 A long-term high-fat, low-fiber diet can cause damage to the intestinal barrier, leading to chronic inflammation due to the presence of pathogenic bacteria and their products released into the systemic circulation.…”