Prevalence of Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors Remain High after Coronary Bypass Graft Surgery: A Multicentre Study Among Turkish Patients

Abstract

Background The measures of secondary prevention in patients undergoing coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) remains largely undetermined in Turkey.Design We designed a multicentre cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients after CABG and to evaluate the association of demographic-socio-economic factors with secondary prevention in these patients.Methods A total of 622 patients who underwent CABG between 1 January 1999 and 15 January 2000 at four centres in Adana, Turkey; 273 (ages 35-77, 208 men) were interviewed and examined 1.0-2.2 years after the procedure. ResultsOf 273 patients interviewed, 81.5% were overweight, 65.5% had unhealthy food choices for a lipid-lowering diet, 56.0% were physically inactive, 28.8% were obese and 17.6% were current smokers. Hypercholesterolaemia, elevated blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were found in 65.6, 34.1 and 19.8%, respectively. Of diabetic patients, 63.8% had elevated fasting blood glucose. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers and statins was low. Women had a higher rate of obesity and physical inactivity; smoking was less prevalent in females. More women were taking antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs than men. Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between hypercholesterolaemia and low educational level.Conclusion Turkish patients have a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors related to unhealthy lifestyle and ineffective prophylactic drug use 1 year or more after CABG. Low educational level has a significant influence in this situation.

Diet and Exercise Interventions Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Review and Call to Action

“…10 In a recent randomized trial at a large, Midwestern university medical center where optimal medical treatment guidelines were implemented, including discharge teaching by a multidisciplinary team of pharmacists, dieticians, and rehabilitation nurses, an additional educational intervention was provided for the study group 4 – 6 weeks following the CABG surgery hospitalization. Long-term improvements in both the prescribed medication regimen and lifestyle modifications after CABG surgery were suboptimal in both groups.…”

“…8 Poor diet and lack of exercise are known risk factors for subsequent development and worsening of CAD after CABG surgery, and recent studies suggest that lack of proper diet and exercise remain to be important risk factors specifically in patients who are post-CABG. 9,10 In light of this, little is known about the long-term impact of diet and exercise interventions after CABG surgery. 11 This review of the recent literature was conducted to synthesize extant research, highlight gaps in knowledge, and identify further research warranted on diet and exercise after CABG surgery.…”

Association between previously diagnosed circulatory conditions and a dietary inflammatory index

“…Additionally, reports indicate that poor dietary habits after diagnosis of circulatory disease are associated with increased risk of recurrence of circulatory events [8, 9]. This is disconcerting considering that some studies have indicated that individuals who had a circulatory disease event continue to eat poorly [10–12]. …”

“…Ideally, those with a previous circulatory disorder would have, as part of their rehabilitation, received at least some information or nutrition counseling to improve their diet to lower risk of potential future recurrences [27]. However, in actuality, this may not be the case and those with a previous circulatory disorder may continue to expose themselves to unhealthy diets [10–12]. Using NHANES data, this exploratory analysis sought to provide descriptive statistics on mean DII values among those living with a diagnosis of a circulatory condition.…”

Avaliação da adequação do controle de fatores de risco cardiovascular após cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica

“…It is also noteworthy that, despite the pharmacological treatment considered to be effective for the control of the main RF (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia), this control was attained by only a small number of patients. A study carried out in Turkey involving revascularized patients showed that only 24.2% of the patients used cholesterol-reducing drugs and 62.6% of them received anti-hypertensive treatment 12 .…”