Prevalence of myopia between 3 months and 5   years in preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity

Quinn, Graham E.; Dobson, Velma; Kivlin, Jane D.; Kaufman, Lawrence M.; Repka, Michael X.; Reynolds, James D.; Gordon, Robert A.; Hardy, Robert J.; Tung, Betty; Stone, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(98)97036-1

Cited by 172 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In these cases there is also evidence of alterations in the development of the anterior segment: microcornea, corneal curvature and lens increase 16,19 . The fact that preterm children with retinopathy present a greater disposition to myopia-like refractive errors [3][4][5][6][7][8] was again confirmed in this study and, considering the degree of myopia according to the performed treatment, we deem that the risk for severe myopia is higher in those patients who received cryotherapy than in those treated with lasertherapy, similarly to the data found in the world literature 6,15,19 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Differences in the refractive value according to the severity of retinopathy 5 and to the type of performed treatment, cryotherapy or lasertherapy, were also found 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Different authors [3][4][5][6][7][8] reported a higher predisposition to ametropia, specially myopia, in children who presented retinopathy of prematurity. Differences in the refractive value according to the severity of retinopathy 5 and to the type of performed treatment, cryotherapy or lasertherapy, were also found 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinopatia da prematuridade: achados refrativos pós-tratamento com crioterapia ou laser

Pozzi¹,

Provenzano²,

Boni³

et al. 2000

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Retinopathy of prematurity: refractive errors in patients treated with cryotherapy or laserPurpose: To examine the spherical equivalent of refractive errors in preterm children with threshold retinopathy of prematurity treated with cryotherapy or laser.Patients and Method: A group of 14 one-year-old children (selected from 761 preterm children born at the Hospital São Paulo of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo between 1988 and 1998) with stage 3 threshold retinopathy of prematurity treated with cryotherapy or laser photocoagulation was enrolled in the study and the spherical equivalent under cycloplegia was analyzed. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: 64.3% of the patients developed myopia. Of the patients who were treated with cryotherapy 80% showed high myopia and 20% low hyperopia. The mean of the spherical equivalent was -3.10 D in the right and -3.25 D in the left eye. There was no statistically significant difference between the two eyes regarding the refractive outcome. Concerning patients treated with laser, 55.6% showed myopia of which 20% was high myopia and 80% low myopia; 11.1% showed no refractive error and 33.3% developed low hyperopia. The mean of the spherical equivalent was -0.58 D in the right eye and -0.83 D in the left eye. A statistically significant diference was found between the two eyes. The correlation of refractive results in both groups of patients showed an increase in the amount of high degree myopia in patients treated with cryotherapy (P<0.05).Conclusions: Myopia is a frequent finding in children treated for retinopathy of prematurity. Myopia not only is more frequent but it appears with higher degrees in children treated with cryotherapy as compared with those treated with laser. Retinopatia INTRODUCTIONRetinopathy of prematurity is a vascular disease related to retinal blood vessel formation affecting preterm newborns and its severity presents an inversely proportional relation to gestational age and weight at birth 1, 2 .At present, advances in neonatology allow survival of children with extremely low gestational age and weight at birth, leading to an increase in the number of patients with ocular alteration 3 , especially retinopathy of prematurity. -ARQ. BRAS. OFTALMOL. 63(5), OUTUBRO/2000Retinopathy of prematurity: refractive errors in patients treated with cryotherapy or laser Different authors 3-8 reported a higher predisposition to ametropia, specially myopia, in children who presented retinopathy of prematurity. Differences in the refractive value according to the severity of retinopathy 5 and to the type of performed treatment, cryotherapy or lasertherapy, were also found 7,8 . The purpose of this study is: -To determine the refractive characteristics of a population consisting of preterm children born at the Hospital São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina -Universidade Federal de São Paulo, who presented retinopathy of prematurity and were submitted to treatment; -To compare the type of refractive error...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Differences in the refractive value according to the severity of retinopathy 5 and to the type of performed treatment, cryotherapy or lasertherapy, were also found 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Retinopatia da prematuridade: achados refrativos pós-tratamento com crioterapia ou laser

Pozzi¹,

Provenzano²,

Boni³

et al. 2000

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…This is consistent with previously published reports describing a trend of increasing myopia in laser-treated patients. 4,7,20 The Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (CLEERE) Study Group has demonstrated a significant effect of age on refractive error and ocular biometric parameters between the ages of 6 and 14 years. 26 We have therefore chosen to compare our biometric findings with those in the literature for similarly aged full-term children and similarly aged preterm children with and without threshold ROP (Table 5).…”

Section: Volume 10 Number 5 October 2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] There have been reports that cryotherapy in threshold ROP contributes to the development of myopia and that laser photocoagulation, in comparison, produces less myopic shift. [5][6][7] However, Quinn et al felt that the cryotherapy did not result in additional myopia but that the high myopia was related to the cicatricial retinopathy or severity of ROP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Refractive and Biometric Outcomes Following Diode Laser Therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity

McLoone

O’Keefe

McLoone

et al. 2006

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

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PURPOSETo assess the long-term refractive and biometric outcomes of diode laser-treated eyes in threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODSCycloplegic autorefraction and biometry (Zeiss IOLMaster) were performed, at a mean follow-up of 11 years, on 16 laser-treated eyes with threshold ROP and 9 comparison eyes with subthreshold untreated ROP. RESULTSThe laser-treated eyes had a mean spherical equivalent of Ϫ2.33 D with a mean astigmatic error of 1.38 D. The comparison eyes had a mean spherical equivalent of ϩ1.07 D with a mean astigmatic error of 0.42 D. This trend toward increased myopia in treated eyes did not achieve statistical significance ( p ϭ 0.08). The myopia in the laser group appeared to be slowly progressive in nature when compared with earlier refractive data for these patients. The laser-treated eyes had reduced anterior chamber depth (ACD) compared with the subthreshold eyes ( p ϭ 0.02). When physiologic accommodation was inhibited by cycloplegic drops, the anterior chamber deepened by 0.13 mm in the laser-treated eyes and by 0.06 mm in the comparison eyes. This effect of accommodation on ACD did not differ significantly between the two groups ( p ϭ 0.23). The laser-treated eyes and the comparison eyes did not differ significantly in terms of axial length, corneal power, corneal diameter, or lens power. However, both groups had steeper corneas, shallower anterior chambers, and shorter axial lengths when compared with historical full-term controls. CONCLUSIONSMyopia in premature infants requiring laser treatment for ROP is associated with a shallowing of the anterior chamber and a steepening of the cornea. Physiological accommodation is not impaired by laser therapy or by severe ROP. ( J AAPOS 2006;10: 454-459) P rematurity and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are well-established independent risk factors for myopia. [1][2][3][4] There have been reports that cryotherapy in threshold ROP contributes to the development of myopia and that laser photocoagulation, in comparison, produces less myopic shift. 5-7 However, Quinn et al felt that the cryotherapy did not result in additional myopia but that the high myopia was related to the cicatricial retinopathy or severity of ROP. 8 In recent times, laser photocoagulation has largely replaced cryotherapy as the established treatment modality for ROP. Davitt et al have shown no increase in myopia or high myopia, at 9 months, in laser-treated compared with untreated high-risk prethreshold ROP eyes in the Early Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) study. 9 The clinical objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term refractive outcome of threshold ROP eyes at a mean of 11 years after diode laser treatment, with particular attention to the role of the cornea, anterior chamber depth, axial length, and effective lens power in determining the refractive status.A comparison group with documented subthreshold ROP, which had regressed spontaneously without laser treatment, was also evaluated. Materials and MethodsAll premature babies who...

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Cycloplegic Refractions in Healthy Children Aged 1 Through 48 Months

Mayer

Hansen²,

Moore³

et al. 2001

Arch Ophthalmol

258

198

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Objectives: To provide a description of refractive errors in healthy, term-born children, aged 1 through 48 months, and to test the hypotheses that spherical equivalent becomes significantly less hyperopic and less variable with increasing age. Methods: Following a prospective, cross-sectional design, cycloplegic retinoscopy was used to measure the refractive error in both eyes of 514 healthy, term-born children in 12 age groups. Three hundred were aged 12 months or younger. Spherical equivalent and cylindrical power and axis were analyzed as a function of age. Prediction limits for spherical equivalent were calculated. Results: Spherical equivalents of right and left eyes did not differ at any age. Hyperopia declined significantly with increasing age. The variability in spherical equivalent also decreased significantly with age. Cylindrical error of 1 diopter or more was found in 25% of the children; the proportion with astigmatism was highest in infancy and then waned. Myopia and anisometropia were rare, occurring in 3% and 1% of the sample, respectively. Conclusions: Significant declines in hyperopia and variability of spherical equivalent appear to be features of emmetropization. The normal prediction limits provide guidelines against which data from individual patients can be compared.

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Prevalence of myopia between 3 months and 5 years in preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity

Cited by 172 publications

References 32 publications

Retinopatia da prematuridade: achados refrativos pós-tratamento com crioterapia ou laser

Retinopatia da prematuridade: achados refrativos pós-tratamento com crioterapia ou laser

Long-Term Refractive and Biometric Outcomes Following Diode Laser Therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity

Cycloplegic Refractions in Healthy Children Aged 1 Through 48 Months

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