Prevalence of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease, Germany, 2009–2014

Ringshausen, Felix C.; Wagner, Dirk; Roux, A de; Diel, Roland; Hohmann, David; Hickstein, Lennart; Welte, Tobias; Rademacher, Jessica

doi:10.3201/eid2206.151642

Cited by 119 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…80 Conversely, COPD appears to be a major co-morbidity in patients with NTM, with estimates of prevalence ranging from 24% to 79%. 81,82 Not merely an innocent bystander, NTM infections in COPD portend a worse prognosis with more frequent exacerbations and a more rapid decline in FEV 1 . 79 However, long-term, prospective studies on the impact of NTM on COPD mortality and antimycobacterial treatment outcomes in COPD have yet to be performed.…”

Section: Tuberculosis and Non-tuberculous Mycobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of acute and chronic respiratory colonization and infections in the pathogenesis of COPD

et al. 2017

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COPD is a major global concern, increasingly so in the context of ageing populations. The role of infections in disease pathogenesis and progression is known to be important, yet the mechanisms involved remain to be fully elucidated. While COPD pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are strongly associated with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), the clinical relevance of these pathogens in stable COPD patients remains unclear. Immune responses in stable and colonized COPD patients are comparable to those detected in AECOPD, supporting a role for chronic colonization in COPD pathogenesis through perpetuation of deleterious immune responses. Advances in molecular diagnostics and metagenomics now allow the assessment of microbe-COPD interactions with unprecedented personalization and precision, revealing changes in microbiota associated with the COPD disease state. As microbial changes associated with AECOPD, disease severity and therapeutic intervention become apparent, a renewed focus has been placed on the microbiology of COPD and the characterization of the lung microbiome in both its acute and chronic states. Characterization of bacterial, viral and fungal microbiota as part of the lung microbiome has the potential to reveal previously unrecognized prognostic markers of COPD that predict disease outcome or infection susceptibility. Addressing such knowledge gaps will ultimately lead to a more complete understanding of the microbe-host interplay in COPD. This will permit clearer distinctions between acute and chronic infections and more granular patient stratification that will enable better management of these features and of COPD.

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Section: Tuberculosis and Non-tuberculous Mycobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of acute and chronic respiratory colonization and infections in the pathogenesis of COPD

et al. 2017

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“…In Hawaii, USA, the most prevalent species was MAC, M. fortuitum group and M. abscessus [26]. Even though isolation of slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) is frequent in most of the European and Western countries, rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) species such as M. fortuitum and M. abscessus are more prevalent in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) except in few countries [56]. As examples, M. fortuitum was the predominant course of NTM lung disease in Middle East during 1984-2014 [57].…”

Section: Prevalence and Current Epidemiology Of Pulmonary Ntm Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As examples, M. fortuitum was the predominant course of NTM lung disease in Middle East during 1984-2014 [57]. Furthermore, M. fortuitum and M. abscessus are predominant in Saudi Arabia, while MAC is the most common species in Oman [56]. However, it has been observed in Saudi Arabia that rare species are going to be prominent, alarming diversity of clinically relevant NTM's causing pulmonary infections [58].…”

Section: Prevalence and Current Epidemiology Of Pulmonary Ntm Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Non Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Diseases

Diseases¹

2018

Mycobacterium - Research and Development

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Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in nature and opportunistically infect different animals, including humans. Currently, NTM is emerging as an important cause of pulmonary infection among both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons worldwide. The clinical relevance of pulmonary NTM varies among species while showing geographical heterogeneity in distribution as well as pathogenicity. The outcome of the respiratory NTM disease is a consequence of a complex interplay between microbial factors and host susceptibility. Furthermore, HIV infection, cystic fibrosis, cancer, underlying chronic lung disease and history of tuberculosis (TB) may be associated as risk factors for active nontuberculosis pulmonary diseases (NTMPD). The diagnosis of NTMPD requires the presence of symptoms, radiographic evidences, microscopic observations and definitive laboratory diagnostics. Lung infections resulted from a clinically significant NTM species should be treated with appropriate antimicrobial regimen. M. leprae and M. lepraemurium are uncultivable and require the intracellular milieu for survival and propagation [4]. The obligatory causative agents of the genus Mycobacterium, responsible for TB are classified into Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). It comprises M. tuberculosis, M.bovis, M. africanum, M. microti [5], M. canettii [6], M. caprae [7], M. pinnipedii [8], M. mungi [9], M. orygis [10] and M. suricattae [11] species. M. tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. canettii and M. orygis cause TB primarily in human [4, 10], whereas M. bovis [12], M. microti [13], M. caprae [7] M. pinnipedii [8], M. mungi [9] and M. suricattae [11] infect cattle, domestic animals, goats, seals, mongooses and meerkats, respectively, and animal tuberculosis can also be zoonotic [14, 15]. However, geographical variation of the MTC species distribution has been identified. As an example, M. africanum is a common cause of human pulmonary TB (39%) as much as M. tuberculosis (55%) in West Africa [16]. In Ghana, 3% of pulmonary TB cases are represented by M. bovis, while 20% are M. africanum and 73% are M. tuberculosis [17].Other medically important mycobacteria such as M. avium, M. intracellulare complex, M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae complex, M. abscessus and M. scrofulaceum are known as nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) species or atypical mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). They are responsible for diseases including lymphadenitis in children, chronic pulmonary diseases, skin and soft-tissue diseases and infections of the skeletal system [18]. NTM are ubiquitous in nature and are widely distributed in water, soil and animals. Among prevailing NTM species, only a few species have a clinical impact on humans as opportunistic pathogens [19]. M. avium complex (MAC), M. abscessus, M. kansasii, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. szulgai, M. triviale and M. scrofulaceum are common NTM species that cause pulmonary diseases in human [20]. Additionally, M. riyadhense was recently proposed as a cau...

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“…17 In Europe the estimates are generally lower, up to 3.3/100,000. 17,18 The prevalence is significantly higher in certain regions and patient groups and period prevalence has been put at over 100/100,000 in the over 65-year-olds in the US over an 11-year period. 19 The incidence of NTM disease is increasing throughout the world, 11,17 with some estimates of an increase of 8.2% per year 19 NTM-PD is currently more common in the US than tuberculosis.…”

Section: Mycobacterium Avium Complex (Mac) That Includesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease

Loebinger¹,

Welte²

2016

European Respiratory &Amp; Pulmonary Diseases

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N ontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), an extremely diverse group with a wide spectrum of virulence, appear to be rising in prevalence. This may be due to both increased awareness and improved diagnosis, among other factors. Most NTM-pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) infections are caused by the slow growing Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) however, other species can also cause pulmonary disease including M. abscessus, M. xenopi, M. malmoense and M. kansasii. Symptoms of NTM-PD vary considerably and may include chronic cough, with or without sputum production or haemoptysis. Treatment options are limited at present and associated with significant intolerance, treatment failures and drug-drug interactions. Further prospective studies are needed to define suitable drug regimens for different NTM species and to improve knowledge of the natural history and epidemiology of NTM-PD.

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Prevalence of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease, Germany, 2009–2014

Cited by 119 publications

References 8 publications

The role of acute and chronic respiratory colonization and infections in the pathogenesis of COPD

The role of acute and chronic respiratory colonization and infections in the pathogenesis of COPD

Overview of Non Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Diseases

Current Perspectives in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease

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