Prevalence of Obesity Among Youths by Household Income and Education Level of Head of Household — United States 2011–2014

Ogden, Cynthia L.; Carroll, Margaret D.; Fakhouri, Tala H.I.; Hales, Craig M.; Fryar, Cheryl D.; Li, Yuanxing; Freedman, David S.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6706a3

Cited by 394 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Limited studies have investigated socio‐economic disparities in BMI trajectories in UK children across ethnic groups. Findings from US studies are mixed—some studies showed a negative or no association between SEP and BMI/obesity for non‐Hispanic Black children, other studies reported a positive association as shown in our study . A recent analysis of the MCS at age 7 showed that White children in lower income families (bottom 40%) were at increased risk of overweight/obesity at 7 years, compared with their counterparts in higher‐income (top 60%) families; the relationship was reversed for Black African/Caribbean children .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Recent research suggests that the association between socio‐economic position (SEP) and BMI in children may differ by ethnic group. Studies, mainly from the United States, showed that the inverse SEP‐BMI association in children and adolescents is less strong for Asian American populations and inconsistent for Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Black populations, compared with non‐Hispanic White populations . The differential associations may be attributable to that cultural, environmental and biological factors related to obesity development have different socio‐economic patterns across ethnic groups .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct patterns of socio‐economic disparities in child‐to‐adolescent BMI trajectories across UK ethnic groups: A prospective longitudinal study

Pearce

2019

Pediatric Obesity

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Summary Background In many high‐income countries, body mass index (BMI)/obesity levels are inversely associated with socio‐economic position (SEP). Little is known whether socio‐economic patterns in BMI trajectories throughout childhood differ by ethnicity, especially in the United Kingdom. Objectives To investigate socio‐economic disparities in child‐to‐adolescent BMI trajectories and risks of overweight and obesity during adolescence across ethnic groups. Methods Mixed‐effects fractional polynomial and multinomial regression models were applied to estimate socio‐economic differences in BMI trajectories (3‐14 years) and risk of overweight/obesity at 14 years, respectively, in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 15 996). Analysis was stratified by ethnicity. Result Poverty was associated with higher BMI in children of White and South Asian origins, with a small difference at 3 years, which widened with age to 0.75 kg/m2 (95% CI, 0.59‐0.91) and 0.77 kg/m2 (0.26‐1.27) at 14 years for the White and South Asian groups, respectively. There was a reverse income‐BMI association in children of Black (African‐Caribbean) origin with the poverty group having a lower BMI (−0.37 kg/m2 [−0.71 to ‐0.04] at 5 years; −0.95 kg/m2 [−1.79 to −0.11] at 14 years). These patterns also presented with maternal education as a SEP indicator and for obesity at 14 years. Conclusions Socio‐economic advantage may not be universally associated with lower BMI, which should be considered when planning obesity interventions. The positive SEP‐BMI association in children of Black origin requires replication and merits further investigation into underpinning mechanisms.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct patterns of socio‐economic disparities in child‐to‐adolescent BMI trajectories across UK ethnic groups: A prospective longitudinal study

Pearce

2019

Pediatric Obesity

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“…We found obesity rates varying from 10.8% (according to BIA) to 18.4% (according to skinfolds and circumferences). These rates corroborated with literature data, pointing towards a prevalence ranging from 6.3% to 30.3% in adolescents . However, we did not find a significant association between obesity and any other pain variables (TMD‐pain, oro‐facial pain intensity and body pain).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Obesity, sedentarism and TMD‐pain in adolescents

Jordani

Campi

Braido

et al. 2019

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Summary Background Obesity is a chronic and prevalent disorder, affecting individuals of all age. Previous evidence suggests that it is associated with some types of chronic pain, especially musculoskeletal pain. In addition, sedentarism is also associated with an increase of the inflammatory factors and chronic pain. So, we conducted a cross‐sectional study to evaluate the association between obesity, sedentarism and the presence of TMD‐pain in adolescents. Methods Temporomandibular Disorders were classified according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Obesity was assessed by the body mass index (BMI), bioimpedance (BIA), skinfold (triceps and subscapular) and circumferences (arm and abdominal). The level of physical activity was rated according to the instrument adopted by the Brazilian National School Health Survey. Descriptive statistics, univariate logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to study the associations of interest. Results The sample consisted of 690 individuals with a mean age of 12.7 (±0.76) years of whom 389 (56.4%) were girls. Of the total, 112 (16.2%) had TMD‐pain, 110 (15.9%) were obese according to BMI, 74 (10.8%) according to BIA, and 127 (18.4%) following the skinfolds and circumferences assessments. There was no significant association between TMD‐pain and obesity according to BMI (P = 0.95), BIA (P = 0.16), skinfold and circumference (P = 0.22), and neither with sedentarism (P = 0.94). Conclusion Obesity and sedentarism were not associated with the presence of TMD‐pain in adolescents.

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“…It is well recognized that age is associated with worse outcomes; younger patients are more likely to present at later stages and with worse mortality rates . In addition, BMI has an inverse correlation with health outcomes, education level, and income . However, there is limited research on the impact of primary language on cancer stages and outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BMI may in part be capturing the socioeconomic status and education level because it has been inversely correlated with both in developed countries. A lower socioeconomic status has been associated with a higher BMI in the United States . In addition, higher education has been connected with a lower BMI in affluent groups …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between primary language, a lack of mammographic screening, and later stage breast cancer presentation

Balazy

Benitez

Gutkin

et al. 2019

Cancer

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Background Health determinants are known to influence the stage of breast cancer presentation, but it is unclear to what extent language affects stage. This study investigates whether non–English‐speaking (NES) patients present at a later stage than their English‐speaking (ES) counterparts and whether language is associated with mammographic screening. Methods This study was a retrospective, single‐institution cohort analysis of women undergoing breast radiotherapy from 2012 to 2017 (n = 1057). Patients were categorized as ES (n = 904) or NES (n = 153). Ordinal logistic regression analysis identified variables associated with later stage presentation, including language, race/ethnicity, and age. A subcohort analysis investigated the influence of mammographic screening on stage for NES patients. Results NES patients had greater odds of later stage disease than ES patients (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence, 1.001‐2.150). This association persisted across all races/ethnicities. An additional analysis examined age categories associated with mammographic screening. For women eligible for screening (ie, those 40‐50 years old or older than 50 years), there was a significant association between language and stage. NES patients older than 50 years were twice as likely to present at an advanced stage in comparison with ES patients (16.19% vs 8.11%; P = .0082). An additional subset analysis accounted for mammograms. NES patients who did not undergo screening had a higher probability of stage III disease (40.3% of NES patients vs 12.7% of ES patients). There was no difference in stage between NES and ES patients who did undergo screening. Conclusions Language is independently associated with later stage breast cancer for NES patients, regardless of race/ethnicity. NES patients may have difficulty in accessing the health care system. Future interventions should seek to reduce language barriers for mammographic screening and diagnosis.

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Prevalence of Obesity Among Youths by Household Income and Education Level of Head of Household — United States 2011–2014

Cited by 394 publications

References 4 publications

Distinct patterns of socio‐economic disparities in child‐to‐adolescent BMI trajectories across UK ethnic groups: A prospective longitudinal study

Distinct patterns of socio‐economic disparities in child‐to‐adolescent BMI trajectories across UK ethnic groups: A prospective longitudinal study

Obesity, sedentarism and TMD‐pain in adolescents

Association between primary language, a lack of mammographic screening, and later stage breast cancer presentation

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