Prevalence of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of obesity has grown significantly worldwide. It is considered a major cardiovascular risk factor among type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Objectives: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity in patients with T2DM at King Fahd University Hospital (KFUH), Al-Khobar, and to assess the relationship between T2DM and cardiovascular risk factors with body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR).Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study, included T2DM patients from the Internal Medicine department at KFHU. The investigators recorded patient demographics (age and gender), weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index (Kg/m 2 ), waist and hip circumference (cm), smoking status, physical activity, blood pressure measurements (mmHg) and laboratory results of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile.Results: Among 346 patients, the prevalence of obesity and overweight was 62.4% and 27.2%, respectively. The relationship between BMI and demographic data including age and gender was statistically significant (P<0.05). The correlation between the BMI with cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, physical activity and WHR found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:Our study showed that obesity and overweight affect 89.6% of patients with T2DM. Therefore, it is important to take into consideration weight control strategies to effectively manage diabetic patients.

Relationship between Serum Leptin, Lipid Metabolism, HbA1c, and Renal Function in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity and in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Obesity

“…The hip circumference was measured at the largest standing horizontal circumference of the buttocks, and the waist circumference was measured at the lowest standing horizontal circumference between the lower margin of the rib cage and the iliac crest. The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was also determined by dividing hip circumference by waist circumference, which is the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference in cm (3). Well-trained nutritionists measured these variables.…”

“…The prevalence of T2DM has been steadily increasing worldwide, and it is a major public health concern due to its association with various comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2). In addition to the traditional risk factors, recent studies have suggested that adipose tissue-derived hormones such as Leptin play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its related complications (3, 4).…”

“…3 shows the mean values and comparisons of the biochemical parameters of obese diabetic subjects and controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

“…3 shows the mean values and standard deviations of the Biophysical measurements of Diabetic obese subjects and controls. There was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between the mean age of diabetic obese (49.8 ± 10.5) compared with controls (48.3 ± 11.2).…”

“…3 shows the mean values and comparisons of the biochemical parameters of obese diabetic subjects and controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean…”