Prevalence of oral lesions in relation to habits : Cross-sectional study in South India.

Prevalence and Correlation of Oral Lesions among Tobacco Smokers, Tobacco Chewers, Areca Nut and Alcohol Users

“…The prevalence of adverse oral habits was found to be much higher in males as compared to females in this study and is in accordance with the other studies (Jaber et al, 1999;Rani et al, 2003;Saraswathi et al, 2006;). The consumption of alcohol was 1.3% which was the lowest compared to other habits and coincides with a study performed in Hubli India (Aruna et al, 2011).…”

“…Tobacco and alcohol have been established as risk factors for the development of such potentially malignant and malignant disorders of the oral mucosa (Jaber et al, 1999;Moreno-Lopez et al, 2000;Lee et al, 2003;Znaor et al, 2003;Saraswathi et al, 2006;Yen et al, 2007;Cebeci et al, 2009;Javed et al, 2010). In South India chewing betel quid/ paan (betel leaf enclosing sliced areca nut, catechu, lime and various other spices which may or may not contain tobacco) (Warnakulasuriya et al, 2002;Rani et al, 2003;Aruna et al, 2011) is a common habit but the evidence for cancer occurrence due to this habit without tobacco is limited (Znaor et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2005).…”

Estimation of Serum Beta 2-Microglobulin Levels in Individuals Exposed to Carcinogens: Clinical Study in Indian Population

“…The mechanism of increase in b2-microglobulin levels in malignancies is not known but various hypothesis for increased serum levels have been put forward [8,23]. (a) b2-Microglobulin has a rapid turnover with a fractionation catabolism of about 1.4 per hour in healthy patients and in cancer patients [2,8]. (b) The b2-microglobulin is a cell membrane constituent along with the HL-A chain, so an accelerated membrane turnover or accelerated cell division could increase the shedding of b2-microglobulin [8,23].…”

“…Tobacco chewing habit is postulated to have a close co-relation with high incidence of oral precancer, cancer and a precancer is considered to hold an increased risk of cancer transformation [2]. Tumour markers are a major part of the secondary prevention (detection) efforts.…”

Demographic Risk Factors, Affected Anatomical Sites and Clinicopathological Profile for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a North Indian Population

“…The prevalence of OSCC patients was significantly higher in middle age groups (41-50 and 51-60 years) in our study. Some recent studies of India (Saraswathi et al, 2006;Kiran et al, 2012) have reported that majority of the OSCC patients were in the age group of 41 to 50 years and 40 to 61 years respectively. However, (Gangane et al, 2007) reported prevalence of oral malignancies mostly in the 50 to 59 years age group.…”