Prevalence of Prediabetes and Associated Risk Factor Assessment Among Adults Attending Primary Healthcare Centers in Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

BackgroundPrediabetes is an asymptomatic intermediate state of hyperglycemia with a major risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is a progressive condition; it can take a few years for patients to become diabetic from a prediabetes state. ObjectivesThis study aimed to detect the prevalence rate of prediabetes among the adult population and to assess the association of the risk factors to prediabetes in both the male and female genders. MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in primary healthcare centers (PHC) in the city of Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 378 study participants of both sexes from two central PHCs were eligible to participate in the study, which was conducted from January to February 2018. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations, and a predesigned questionnaire interview to identify demographic, lifestyle, and medical variables. Two blood tests were used to diagnose prediabetes: fasting plasma glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C). ResultsThe overall prevalence of prediabetes among all participants was 20% (around 21% in males and 19% in females of all ages). There was a statistically significant association between prediabetes and obesity (central obesity), hypertension, and a family history of diabetes mellitus (FHDM). ConclusionThe prediabetic state is highly prevalent among adults attending PHC in Al Bahah city (20%). It is associated with obesity (especially central), hypertension, and FHDM. We highly recommend that public health professionals implement strategies for effective screening, diagnosis, and management of prediabetes.

Elevated serum uric acid is a risk factor for progression to prediabetes in Japanese women: A 5‐year retrospective chort study

“…Previous studies have confirmed a strong association between obesity and prediabetes 19 . Other risk factors include age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history of diabetes, and smoking 20 , 21 . In the present study, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that increased SUA was significantly associated with the risk of progression to prediabetes.…”

Acute Glycemic Control in Prediabetes Individuals Favorably Alters Serum NLRP3 Inflammasome and Related Interleukins

“…The Middle East and North African (MENA) region held the highest incidence of DM at around 12% [ 1 ]. In the Middle East, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in particular has the second highest incidence of diabetes; around 24% (7 × 10 6 ) of Saudi adults have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 10.3% (3 × 10 6 ) have PD [ 3 ]. Because of this increased prevalence of PD in the KSA, the burden of DM is sure to rise [ 1 ].…”

“…It involves two stages in the asymptomatic phase: the first one is the PD stage, which lasts roughly 8–10 years, and the second one is the preclinical diabetic stage, which lasts roughly 4–7 years [ 4 ]. In PD, blood glucose levels are higher than the normal range but not high enough to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for T2DM [ 3 , 5 ]. The diagnostic criteria for PD according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) include having one of the following three conditions: 1. hemoglobin A1 concentration (HbA1c) levels between 5.7 and 6.4%; 2. fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL; 3. two-hour oral glucose tolerance test (2h-OGTT) levels between 140 and 199 mg/dL [ 6 ].…”

“…Managing and reversing PD is very important in preventing T2DM and its related complications, as there is a 5–10% risk of developing T2DM within 12 months for individuals with unmanaged PD [ 7 ]. The development of T2DM from PD progresses gradually over time, and it was thought that once it happens, it is irreversible [ 3 ]. Conversely, emerging reports are now challenging this belief, with new tactics to control and reverse T2DM [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Awareness of Diabetic Patients Regarding Diabetes Complications in Saudi Arabia: Systematic Review

“…This fashion is linked to the present economic boom in Saudi Arabia, which has brought about major lifestyle changes, with unsafe consuming behaviour and a lack of exercise becoming the norm. As a result, diabetes mellitus has risen to prominence, with 23.9% of the Saudi population suffering from it [10].…”