Prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety and depression in rural communities in Australia

Kilkkinen, Annamarie; Kao-Philpot, Anna; O’Neil, Adrienne; Philpot, Benjamin; Reddy, Prasuna; Bunker, Stephen; Dunbar, James

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2007.00863.x

Cited by 108 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Yet this gender difference is not universal. For instance, no gender difference was observed in Mexican Americans (Aranda et al 2001), in African, Asian, Central American and South American immigrants in Norway (Thapa and Hauff 2005), in rural Australians (Kilkkinen et al 2007) and in older Chinese (Chou 2007). The widespread gender difference points to three alternative hypotheses.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Psychological Distressmentioning

confidence: 96%

Epidemiology of Psychological Distress

Drapeau¹,

Marchand²,

Beaulieu-Prévost³

2012

Mental Illnesses - Understanding, Prediction and Control

374

323

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Section: Prevalence Of Psychological Distressmentioning

confidence: 96%

Epidemiology of Psychological Distress

Drapeau¹,

Marchand²,

Beaulieu-Prévost³

2012

Mental Illnesses - Understanding, Prediction and Control

374

323

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“…A priori, we hypothesised that scores would differ by gender and age [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]; this was confirmed in the initial analysis, and thus, results are presented for females and males separately, and within gender, by 5-year age group.…”

Section: Anxiety and Depression Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…data collected from a representative sample of the general population against which all subsequently collected data can be compared) have remained limited. Our recent review of the literature identified only 20 papers that could be described as reporting normative data from the HADS [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The studies were conducted mainly in Europe, included sample sizes ranging from 94 [17] to 62,344 [13] participants and were sourced using a variety of different techniques, for example all residents in a particular region/country [13,17,19], a stratified random sample of three age cohorts [12,20] and adults registered with a particular Primary Care practice [8,10,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative data for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

et al. 2014

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Our study is the largest population-based study providing UK normative data from the HADS. While our data confirm some of the normative data reported previously, subtle and important differences emerged, particularly at the upper end of the percentile scores. Due to the nature of our study design and the number of participants sampled, we believe that our data are likely to be more representative of the UK population than existing published normative values.

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“…The prevalence of depression with HADS-D is similar to other epidemiological studies in the region. 15,16 Gold standards such as the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV 17 were beyond the scope of the study but could probably have further clarified which measure performed better for screening. The sample was selected because of type 2 diabetes status.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of depression in diabetes: the efficacy of PHQ-9 and HADS-D

et al. 2010

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Clinical guidelines advise screening for depression in patients with diabetes. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) are commonly used in primary care. AimTo compare the efficacy of HADS-D and PHQ-9 in identifying moderate to severe depression among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes. Design of studySelf-report postal survey, clinical records assessed by GPs. SettingSeven metropolitan and rural general practices in Victoria, Australia. MethodPostal questionnaires were sent to all patients with diabetes on the registers of seven practices in Victoria. A total of 561 completed postal questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate 47%. Surveys included demographic information, and history of diabetes and depression. Participants completed both the PHQ-9 and HADS-D. Clinical data from patient records included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and medications. ResultsThe proportion of the total sample completing HADS-D was 96.8% compared with 82.4% for PHQ-9. Level of education was unrelated to responses on the HADS-D but was related to completion of the PHQ-9. Using complete data (n = 456) from both measures, 40 responders showed HADS-D scores in the moderate to severe range, compared with 103 cases identified by PHQ-9. Only 35 cases were classified in the moderate to severe category by both the PHQ-9 and HADS-D. Items with the highest proportions of positive responses on the PHQ-9 were related to tiredness and sleeping problems and, on the HADS-D, feeling slowed down. ConclusionIt may be that the items contributing to the higher prevalence of moderate to severe depression using the PHQ-9 are due to diabetes-related symptoms or sleep disorders.

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Prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety and depression in rural communities in Australia

Cited by 108 publications

References 20 publications

Epidemiology of Psychological Distress

Epidemiology of Psychological Distress

Normative data for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Identification of depression in diabetes: the efficacy of PHQ-9 and HADS-D

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