Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and associated factors in an otherwise healthy population: results from the Danish Blood Donor Study

Didriksen, Maria; Rigas, Andreas S.; Allen, Richard P.; Burchell, Brendan; Angelantonio, Emanuele Di; Nielsen, Maria Haahr; Jennum, Poul; Werge, Thomas; Erikstrup, Christian; Pedersen, Ole Birger; Bruun, Mie Topholm; Burgdorf, Kristoffer Sølvsten; Sørensen, Erik; Ullum, Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.04.014

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The main finding of our study is consistent with other population‐based studies that also found no association between RLS and measures of iron stores (Benediktsdottir et al, ; Berger et al, ; Didriksen et al, ; Lillo‐Triguero et al, ). We extend those findings by showing a lack of association in young adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In children, it has been reported that the frequency of RLS is higher if ferritin levels are < 50 µg L −1 (Halac et al, 2015), and that low serum ferritin may contribute to the severity of symptoms (Picchietti & Picchietti, 2010). However, other studies have failed to show associations between measures of iron stores and RLS (Benediktsdottir et al, 2010;Berger et al, 2002;Didriksen et al, 2017;Lillo-Triguero, Castillo-Rueda, Valdés-Gross, Guillem-Mesado, & Río-Villegas, 2016), and a systematic review from 2012 assessing six studies did not find sufficient evidence to determine whether iron therapy is beneficial for the treatment of RLS (Trotti, Bhadriraju, & Becker, 2012). It remains unclear if serum ferritin is a risk marker for RLS or a predictor for RLS severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are serum ferritin and transferrin saturation risk markers for restless legs syndrome in young adults? Longitudinal and cross‐sectional data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study

Lammers

Curry‐Hyde

Smith

et al. 2018

Journal of Sleep Research

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Restless legs syndrome has been associated with serum iron deficiency in clinical studies. However, studies investigating this relationship have had inconsistent results and there are no studies in young adults. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between serum measures of iron stores and restless legs syndrome in young adults in the community. Participants in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study answered questions on restless legs syndrome (n = 1,100, 54% female) at age 22 years, and provided serum measures of iron stores (ferritin and transferrin saturation) at ages 17 and 22 years. Restless legs syndrome was diagnosed when four International RLS Study Group criteria were met (urge to move, dysaesthesia, relief by movement, worsening during evening/night) and these symptoms occurred ≥5 times per month. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between serum iron stores and restless legs syndrome, adjusting for potential confounders. The prevalence of restless legs syndrome at age 22 years was 3.0% (n = 33, 70% female). Among those who provided restless legs syndrome and iron data at age 22 years (n = 865), the median (interquartile range) ferritin was not different between the restless legs syndrome (55 [29.5-103.5] µg L ) and the non-restless legs syndrome group (65.0 [35.0-103.3] µg L , p = 0.2), nor were there differences in iron deficiency prevalence (p = 0.36). There was no association between restless legs syndrome (22 years) and iron stores (17, 22 years) before or after adjustment for potential confounders. There was no association between restless legs syndrome at 22 years and iron stores at 17 or 22 years in this cohort. Serum iron stores may not be a useful indicator of restless legs syndrome risk in young adults in the community.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are serum ferritin and transferrin saturation risk markers for restless legs syndrome in young adults? Longitudinal and cross‐sectional data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study

Lammers

Curry‐Hyde

Smith

et al. 2018

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…The CH-RLSq was validated previously in one population survey [30] and adopted in several population-based studies [31,33,34], as it has considerable diagnostic accuracy [35]. For our study, the original English version of the questionnaire was translated into Korean.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Rlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characteristics of Restless Legs Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Study in Two Independent Samples of the General Population

Kim¹,

Yoon²,

Park³

et al. 2019

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep disorder, although it has a low prevalence in Asian populations. However, the reported RLS prevalence in Korean adults is mostly 4.5–12.1%, which is higher than that reported in other Asian populations. This study aimed to diagnose RLS and exclude mimicking conditions in 2 independent samples of Korean adults, and to compare its prevalence to that from previous studies performed in Asian countries. Methods: Study populations included a (1) nationwide stratified random sample (n = 2,824; age 19–79 years) and (2) community-based cohort (n = 2,685; age 47–79 years). We applied the Cambridge-Hopkins diagnostic questionnaire to diagnose RLS and differentiate it from RLS mimics. Sleep-related symptoms, mood, and medical conditions were compared between the RLS and non-RLS groups. Prior studies of the RLS prevalence in Asia were systematically reviewed and compared to our findings. Results: The adjusted RLS prevalence was 0.4 and 1.3% in populations 1 and 2, respectively. In both populations, subjects with RLS had more depression. The prevalence of RLS mimics was 5.1 and 2.6%, in populations 1 and 2, respectively. The RLS prevalence in Asia was higher when RLS was defined by the presence of essential clinical features and lower when a differential diagnosis was additionally implemented. Conclusions: The RLS prevalence in Korean adults considering RLS mimics is comparable to that in adults from other Asian countries (< 2%). The reported RLS prevalence varies depending on the diagnostic method employed.

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“…Another recent study showed no association of RLS with a reduced ferritin level (for <30 ng/mL and < 40 ng/mL) in neither female donors (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77‐1.70) nor male donors (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.29–2.20) . The authors did observe that there was a lower mean ferritin level among donors with RLS than donors without RLS (p = 0.02), and that the risk of RLS was higher in female than male donors (Table ); however, no association between RLS and blood donation intensity was found …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…RLS was measured in nine studies, using several validated questionnaires: the RLS diagnostic index questionnaire, the Cambridge‐Hopkins ascertainment questionnaire for RLS (CH‐RLSq), questionnaire of the International RLS study group and also self‐developed not validated questionnaires or interviews (Table ) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency–related symptoms in whole blood donors: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and associated factors in an otherwise healthy population: results from the Danish Blood Donor Study

Abstract: RLS is a frequent disorder in otherwise healthy individuals. The associations discovered in this study can be utilized in preventing or reducing RLS symptoms.

Cited by 57 publications

References 35 publications

Are serum ferritin and transferrin saturation risk markers for restless legs syndrome in young adults? Longitudinal and cross‐sectional data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study

Are serum ferritin and transferrin saturation risk markers for restless legs syndrome in young adults? Longitudinal and cross‐sectional data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study

Prevalence and Characteristics of Restless Legs Syndrome in Korean Adults: A Study in Two Independent Samples of the General Population

Iron deficiency–related symptoms in whole blood donors: a systematic review

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