Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA from seafood products from Indian seafood products

Sivaraman, G.K.; Gupta, Sobin Sonu; Visnuvinayagam, S.; Muthulakshmi, T; Elangovan, Ravikrishnan; Perumal, Vivekanandan; Balasubramanium, Ganesh; Lodha, Tushar; Yadav, Amit Kumar

doi:10.1186/s12866-022-02640-9

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In South Asia, MRSA prevalence is 61% in Pakistan, 14% in Malaysia, and 40% in Hong Kong as per the respective national and regional antimicrobial surveillance reports. 30–33 The strains in this study were bacteriophage typed at the National Bacteriophage Typing Center in New Delhi, and they were comparable to previous genotype studies. 34 The study found a higher rate of MRSA infection in male patients compared to female patients, which is consistent with previous studies that have shown significant (p<0.001) male dominance for MRSA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant MRSA ST398 and ST239 in Himachal Pradesh, India

Patil¹,

Dong²,

Shrama³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of severe and difficult-to-treat infections in humans and animals. We aimed to identify the predominant lineages of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in Himachal Pradesh, India, to understand the genomic epidemiology along with the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Methods: We isolated 250 S. aureus from two district hospitals in Himachal Pradesh, India. Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were subjected to MLST, SCCmec typing, and resistance as well as virulence determinants were determined by PCR and sequencing. Bio-typing was also performed for source tracking. Results: A 17.6% (44/250) of isolates were classified as MRSA by both the MRSA detection kit and disc diffusion methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of MRSA isolates (n = 44) showed high resistance to oxacillin (77.27%), erythromycin (77.27%), tetracycline (75%), cefoxitin (65.9%), and gentamicin (61.36%), while low resistance was observed for teicoplanin (36.36%), vancomycin and levofloxacin (31.81%) and fusidic acid (18.18%). All isolates were sensitive to linezolid, quinupristin-dulfopristin, dalbavancin, and cefazoline. The SCCmec-II was observed in 20.45% of isolates, SCCmec-I in 11.36%, SCCmec-III in 9%, SCCmec-IV in 40.9% and SCCmec-V in 18.18%. The mecA gene was present in all isolates (n = 44) and 50% also had the vanA gene. 35% of isolates had the lukS-PV/lukf-PV toxin gene and 11.36% had the co-existence of mecA, vanA, and lukS-PV/lukf-PV. The major strain was ST398 (39%) followed by ST239 (27%), ST217 (16%), ST121 (11%), and ST338 (7%). The MRSA isolates produced staphylokinase and β-hemolysis but were negative for bovine plasma coagulation tests. In Conclusion:The predominant MRSA clones in Himachal Pradesh, India, were hospital-associated multi-drug resistant-MRSA ST239 with PVL and community-associated MRSA ST398.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant MRSA ST398 and ST239 in Himachal Pradesh, India

Patil¹,

Dong²,

Shrama³

et al. 2023

IDR

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“…Seafood is rich in proteins, which are broken down into low‐molecular‐weight peptides and amino acids and thus promote the growth of S. aureus [37]. However, in general, there is no S. aureus in marine water, and its high prevalence may be due to post‐harvest contamination [38], including the infected person, improper hygiene practices, poor sanitary utensils, inadequate storage, as well as cross contamination [11]. A large proportion of contamination mainly occurred in the retail seafood and seafood‐processing industries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. aureus is frequently reported to be isolated from various foods, such as egg products [6], vegetables [2], raw milk and dairy products [7,8], cheese [9], meat and meat products [10], and seafood [11], thus constituting a risk to consumer's health. Previous studies have suggested the presence of S. aureus in ready-to-eat food in many countries, such as Korea, Brazil, and Vietnam [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in food products and its relationship with the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus

Liang

Zeng²,

et al. 2023

Medicine Advances

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The worldwide distribution of Staphylococcus aureus across food types is an important food safety concern. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of S. aureus in food products and its relationship with the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus. A total of 55 articles were included. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus was 30.2%. The highest prevalence of S. aureus was observed in cereals, followed by meat and bean products, and the lowest in confectionery, egg products, and vegetables. The prevalence in dairy and seafood products was similar. Combinations of culture and molecular methods have been used for S. aureus detection. Furthermore, the prevalence of S. aureus in developed countries (Europe and North America) was higher than that in developing countries (Asia and Africa). In addition, the prevalence was higher in the provinces of Xinjiang and Shaanxi than that in Sichuan and Shandong in China, which may be due to the difference in climate and dietary habits. The results revealed that food type, bacterial detection methods, and location can influence the prevalence of S. aureus contamination. Resistance rates to preferred antibiotics against S. aureus were the highest for cephradine, polymyxin B, and penicillin at 82.9%, 82.0%, and 81.3%, respectively. In addition, 17 studies were system reviewed that the S. aureus infections are closely associated with the development of diabetes, and the treatment of probiotic, prebiotic, FMT, and bacteriophage can prevent and control S. aureus infections. This review emphasizes the high prevalence of S. aureus contamination in food, suggesting a potential diabetic infection risk and importance of observing principles of food safety and hygiene to reduce S. aureus.

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“…The hazards associated with S. aureus are more common in tropical and subtropical environments. In a study of 498 samples of fish after primary processing and storage, 15% showed S. aureus (Sivaraman et al., 2022). The same study indicated 3% of the fish samples carried methicillin resistant S. aureus .…”

Section: Microbiological Food Safety Hazards In Food‐fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging challenges in maintaining marine food‐fish availability and food safety

Samarajeewa

2023

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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The marine finfish and crustaceans contribute immensely to human nutrition. Harvesting marine food‐fish to meet the global demand has become a challenge due to reduction of the fishery areas and food safety hazards associated with increased pre‐harvest and post‐harvest contaminations. The causes of low fish availability and contaminations were reviewed following the published literature from 2000 to 2023. The marine fish yields are stressed due to spread of contaminants triggered by rising sea temperatures, transport of microorganisms by marine vessels across the oceans, anthropogenic activities leading to increase in the toxic microorganisms, and the entry of toxic chemicals and antibiotic residues into the seawater through rivers or directly. Processing adds pyrogenic chemicals to foods. The hazardous materials may accumulate in the food‐fish, beyond tolerance limits permitted for human foods. While the research and control measures focus on minimizing the hazards due to pathogenic microorganisms and chemicals in market fish, there is less discussion on the unhealthy changes occurring in the oceans affecting the quantity and quality of food‐fish, and the origins of microbial and chemical contaminations. This review examines the factors affecting availability of wild food‐fish and increased contaminations. It aims to bridge the knowledge gaps between the spread of hazardous agents in the marine environment, and their effects on the food‐fish. Meeting the future human food security and safety through marine fish and fish products may need marine cage farming, introduction of genetically modified high yielding food‐fish, and cultured contaminant free finless fish muscles as options.

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Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA from seafood products from Indian seafood products

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant MRSA ST398 and ST239 in Himachal Pradesh, India

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant MRSA ST398 and ST239 in Himachal Pradesh, India

Global prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in food products and its relationship with the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus

Emerging challenges in maintaining marine food‐fish availability and food safety

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