Prevalence of Salmonella in juvenile dogs affected with parvoviral enteritis

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a disease of major zoonotic importance and canine parvovirus is a potentially fatal cause of canine enteritis with a world-wide distribution. Persistent isolation of Salmonella during routine environmental sampling surveys of a hospital ward, reserved for the treatment of dogs with canine parvovirus infection, prompted investigation into a possible source. We hypothesised that dogs affected by canine parvovirus would have a higher prevalence of faecal salmonellae compared to an apparently healthy cohort. Seventy-four client-owned dogs naturally infected with canine parvovirus and 42 apparently healthy client-owned dogs were included in the study. This prospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted over an 18-month period. Fresh faecal samples were collected from dogs aged 6 weeks to 9 months diagnosed with canine parvovirus infection and admitted for treatment, and from apparently healthy dogs presented for vaccination or routine hospital procedures. Faeces were submitted for the isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping of salmonellae. The prevalence of faecal Salmonella shedding was 22% and 31% for the affected and apparently healthy dogs, respectively, which was not statistically different. No significant associations between Salmonella status and possible risk factors or continuous variables such as age, body weight and duration of hospitalisation were identified. All the Salmonella isolates (n = 32) were resistant to penicillin G, lincomycin and tylosin. Salmonellae from nine different serotypes were identified. The prevalence of Salmonella shedding in both groups was higher than that commonly reported, yet similar to those in previous reports on young dogs, shelter dogs or dogs fed a raw meat diet.

Update on Canine Parvoviral Enteritis

“…A variety of bacteria ( Escherichia coli , Clostridium difficile , Salmonella spp) have been documented in septic patients with CPV enteritis. 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 Broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended in all CPV-affected patients ( Table 1 ). Ongoing fluid losses from vomiting and diarrhea, combined with the potential for hypotension and sepsis, make dogs with CPV enteritis at high risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI).…”

Determinants of Work-Related Risks among Veterinary Clinical Students in South West Nigeria

“…For instance, several past studies have recorded multiple secondary bacterial enteropathogens shedding in dogs with CPV. Some of these pathogens include Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp., and Escherichia coli [29,30]. Furthermore, whether the students have had other underlying conditions that aggravated the risks were not explored in this study.…”

Developmental stages in microbiota, bile acids, and clostridial species in healthy puppies

“…Although multiple studies show these bacterial groups and their respective toxins to be present in healthy adult dogs and dogs with GI disease, little is known about their presence in young healthy dogs. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Bile acids are of growing interest in study of GI disease in dogs.…”