Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Pet Reptiles in Japan

Nakadai, Aya; Kuroki, Toshiro; Kato, Yukio; Suzuki, Riéko; Yamai, Shiro; Yaginuma, Chiharu; Shiotani, Ryo; Yamanouchi, Akira; Hayashidani, Hideki

doi:10.1292/jvms.67.97

Cited by 68 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Salmonella was most abundant in reptiles. Nakadai et al (2005) detected a higher frequency (74.1%) of positive samples in fecal material of pet reptiles in Japan.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Enterobacteriaceae In Tupinambis Merianaementioning

confidence: 87%

Prevalência de Enterobacteriaceae em Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) de uma instalação em cativeiro no Brasil Central, com um perfil de resistência aos medicamentos antimicrobianos em Salmonella enterica

et al. 2012

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Prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) from a captive facility in central Brazil, with a profile of antimicrobial drug resistance in Salmonella enterica. The present study reports the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in tegu lizards (Tupinambis merianae) from a captive facility in Central Brazil. From a total of 30 animals, 10 juveniles and 20 adults (10 females, 10 males), 60 samples were collected, in two periods separated by 15 days. The samples were cultivated in Xylose-lysinedeoxycholate agar (XLT4) and MacConkey agar. The Salmonella enterica isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 78 bacteria was isolated, of which 27 were from juveniles of T. merianae, 30 from adult males, and 21 from adult females. Salmonella enterica was the most frequent bacteria, followed by Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sakasakii, Kluivera sp., Citrobacter amalonaticus, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter diversus, Yersinia frederiksenii, Serratia odorifera, and Serratia liquefaciens. Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae and houtenae showed resistance to cotrimoxazole, and serum Salmonella enterica Worthington showed resistance to tetracycline and gentamicin. Salmonella enterica Panama and S. enterica subsp. diarizonae showed intermediate sensitivity to cotrimoxazole. In addition to Enterobacteriaceae in the tegu lizard, pathogenic serotypes of S. enterica also occur, and their antimicrobial resistance was confirmed.Keywords: Antibiotic sensitivity, enteric bacteria, reptiles, salmonellosis, serovars. 58Phyllomedusa

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“…Salmonella was most abundant in reptiles. Nakadai et al (2005) detected a higher frequency (74.1%) of positive samples in fecal material of pet reptiles in Japan.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Enterobacteriaceae In Tupinambis Merianaementioning

confidence: 87%

Prevalência de Enterobacteriaceae em Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) de uma instalação em cativeiro no Brasil Central, com um perfil de resistência aos medicamentos antimicrobianos em Salmonella enterica

et al. 2012

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“…* Serovars Amsterdam, Poona, and Bareilly were the 3 most common Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from cobras in the present study, whereas serovars Heron, Bredeney, Treforest, I 4, [5],12:i:-, and Typhimurium were shown to be common in reptiles from Taiwan, 7 and serovars Bardo, Newport, and Panama were the predominant serovars in Japan. 25 The diversity of serovars apparently depends upon geographical area, and this information could be used to form a useful database for epidemiological investigations. In other countries, human salmonellosis due to S. Rubislaw, S. Paratyphi B, S. Urbana, and S. Typhimurium has been associated with reptile contamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonellaserovar distribution in cobras (Naja kaouthia), snake-food species, and farm workers at Queen Saovabha Snake Park, Thailand

et al. 2012

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The purpose of the current study was to investigate the prevalence and serovar distribution of Salmonella isolates in cobras and their environment at a snake park. A total of 166 fecal or intestinal samples were examined, comprising 39 samples from captive cobras ( Naja kaouthia), 70 from recently wild-caught cobras, 19 from wild-caught cobras that had been kept on the farm for over 3 months, 18 from mice ( Mus musculus), 12 from frogs ( Hoplobatrachus rugulosus), and 8 from farm workers. Specific serological identification was performed, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was utilized for DNA analysis. Out of all snakes ( n = 128), 20 of the 30 animals used for snake food and 3 of the 8 samples from personnel were positive for Salmonella spp. There were 228 Salmonella isolates, with a total of 29 serovars from subspecies I and IIIb, composed of 24 serovars from cobras and 5 from the other sources. Salmonella Amsterdam was predominant in captive-born and captive cobras, followed by S. Poona and S. Bareilly, respectively ( P < 0.05). Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- was the sole serovar detected from the mice, while 3 serovars including Ramatgan, I 4,[5],12:e,h:-, and rough strain were detected only from frogs ( P < 0.001). Salmonella Derby was only detected in workers. On the basis of the PFGE results, evidence of movement of isolates between human beings and snakes, and between snakes and frogs, was found for S. Poona and S. Wandsworth, respectively. The study suggests that Salmonella spp. act as true residents in the intestinal tract of cobras with high risk of environmental contamination through fecal shedding.

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“…[14][15][16]18,24,34 The prevalence of Salmonella infection in turtles varies in different studies, ranging from 2.6% to 72.2%. 18,24,27 In the current study, Salmonella was recovered from 24.3% of the turtles tested. Seasonal behaviors, such as hibernation, have been speculated to result in a low isolation rate of Salmonella in turtles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonellae Isolates from Reptiles in Taiwan

Chen

Chin

et al. 2010

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Pets, including reptiles, have been shown to be a source of Salmonella infection in humans. Due to increasing popularity and variety of exotic reptiles as pets in recent years, more human clinical cases of reptile-associated Salmonella infection have been identified. However, limited information is available with regard to serotypes in different reptiles (turtles, snakes, and lizards) and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in pet reptiles. The current study was thus conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella colonization in pet reptiles. Salmonella organisms were isolated from 30.9% of 476 reptiles investigated. The isolation prevalences were 69.7% (23/33), 62.8% (27/43), and 24.3% (97/400) in snakes, lizards, and turtles, respectively. A total of 44 different Salmonella serovars were identified. Compared with S. Heron, Bredeney, Treforest, and 4, [5],12:i:-, S. Typhimurium isolates were resistant to many antimicrobials tested, and notably 61.1% of the isolates were resistant to cephalothin. The results indicated that raising reptiles as pets could be a possible source of Salmonella infection in humans, particularly zoonotic Salmonella serovars such as S. Typhimurium that may be resistant to antimicrobials.

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Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Pet Reptiles in Japan

Cited by 68 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalência de Enterobacteriaceae em Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) de uma instalação em cativeiro no Brasil Central, com um perfil de resistência aos medicamentos antimicrobianos em Salmonella enterica

Prevalência de Enterobacteriaceae em Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) de uma instalação em cativeiro no Brasil Central, com um perfil de resistência aos medicamentos antimicrobianos em Salmonella enterica

Salmonellaserovar distribution in cobras (Naja kaouthia), snake-food species, and farm workers at Queen Saovabha Snake Park, Thailand

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonellae Isolates from Reptiles in Taiwan

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