Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Egyptian Convalescent Plasma Donors

Gomaa, Mokhtar R.; Kandeil, Ahmed; Mostafa, Ahmed; Roshdy, Wael H.; Kayed, Ahmed S.; Shehata, Mahmoud; Kutkat, Omnia; Moatasim, Yassmin; Taweel, Ahmed El; Mahmoud, Sara H.; Kamel, Mina Nabil; Shama, Noura M. Abo; Sayes, Mohamed El; El‐Shesheny, Rabeh; Bakheet, Osama Hassan; Elgohary, Mohamed A; Elbadry, Mohamed; Nassif, Naguib N; Ahmed, Salwa H; Messih, Ibrahim Y Abdel; Kayali, Ghazi; Ali, Mohamed A.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.596851

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The virus-infected culture supernatant was clarified by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C twice. The harvested virus was titrated by plaque titration assay [ 5 ]. Harvested SARS-CoV-2 was inactivated with 0.1% β-Propiolactone (Invitrogen), then the treated virus was incubated at 4 °C for two days in a cooling shaking incubator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral microneutralization assay (VMN) was performed to determine the immunogenicity of NRC-VACC-01 against SARS-CoV-2 in the collected sera from different vaccinated and control animal models as previously described [ 5 ]. Briefly, serial 2-fold dilutions of heat-inactivated serum samples collected from all animals starting from a dilution of 1:10 to 1:1280 were mixed with equal volumes of 100 TCID 50/mL of hCoV-19/Egypt/NRC-03/2020 SARS-CoV-2 isolate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Preclinical Studies

et al. 2021

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Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019, 64 candidate vaccines are in clinical development and 173 are in the pre-clinical phase. Five types of vaccines are currently approved for emergency use in many countries (Inactivated, Sinopharm; Viral-vector, Astrazeneca, and Gamaleya Research Institute; mRNA, Moderna, and BioNTech/Pfizer). The main challenge in this pandemic was the availability to produce an effective vaccine to be distributed to the world’s population in a short time. Herein, we developed a whole virus NRC-VACC-01 inactivated candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and tested its safety and immunogenicity in laboratory animals. In the preclinical studies, we used four experimental animals (mice, rats, guinea pigs, and hamsters). Antibodies were detected as of week three post vaccination and continued up to week ten in the four experimental models. Safety evaluation of NRC-VACC-01 inactivated candidate vaccine in rats revealed that the vaccine was highly tolerable. By studying the effect of booster dose in the immunological profile of vaccinated mice, we observed an increase in neutralizing antibody titers after the booster shot, thus a booster dose was highly recommended after week three or four. Challenge infection of hamsters showed that the vaccinated group had lower morbidity and shedding than the control group. A phase I clinical trial will be performed to assess safety in human subjects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Preclinical Studies

et al. 2021

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“…The testing was conducted in accordance to the manufacturer's recommendations and the protocols of the previous studies. 14 , 15 To determining the antibody titer, two-fold dilutions of plasma (starting at a 1:20 dilution) was carried out. Infectious virus was added to the plasma dilutions at a final concentration of 1 × 10 4 TCID 50 /mL (100 TCID 50 per 100 μL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The predictors of high titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody of convalescent plasma donors

Wardhani¹,

Fajar²,

Nurarifah³

et al. 2021

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background Recent evidence suggested that the higher titers of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody from convalescent plasma donors contributed to the clinical improvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, the titers of anti -SARS-CoV-2 antibodies varied in each individual, and the precise factors that might govern such variation have not been elucidated. Objectives To assess the factors associated with high titers of anti -SARS-CoV-2 antibody among COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. Information of interest including demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory findings, and the titers of anti -SARS-CoV-2 antibody among COVID-19 CCP donors were collected. The correlation was assessed using multiple logistic regression. Results A total of 50 COVID-19 CCP donors with the titers of anti -SARS-CoV-2 antibody of more than 1:320 and 33 donors with the titers of less than 1:320 were analyzed. Our analysis revealed that CCP donors with history of cough, fever, dyspnea, and pneumonia significantly had higher titers of anti -SARS-CoV-2 antibody compared to asymptomatic donors. Moreover, CCP donors with elevated levels of eosinophils and immature granulocytes and low levels of albumins had higher levels of anti -SARS-CoV-2 antibody. The titer of antibody was not affected by comorbidities of donors. Conclusions CPP donors who had experience of symptomatic COVID-19 with high eosinophils level, high immature granulocytes and low albumin level have higher titers of anti -SARS-COV-2 antibody than those who experienced asymptomatic COVID-19. Our current findings may be used as the additional baseline criteria for selecting the donors of CCP for the management of COVID-19.

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“…The use of donor plasma can soon outstrip the availability in highly endemic scenarios [202]. At screening, however, there is a considerable range of antibody levels [79,80,200,[203][204][205]. There may be some nonserological reasons why prospective donors may be rejected [201].…”

Section: Human Trials Of Passive Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Immunity Should and Will Work for COVID-19 for Some Patients

Cimolai¹

2021

CHI

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In the absence of effective antiviral chemotherapy and still in the context of emerging vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 infections, passive immunotherapy remains a key treatment and possible prevention strategy. What might initially be conceived as a simplified donor-recipient process, the intricacies of donor plasma, IV immunoglobulins, and monoclonal antibody modality applications are becoming more apparent. Key targets of such treatment have largely focused on virus neutralization and the specific viral components of the attachment Spike protein and its constituents (e.g., receptor binding domain, N-terminal domain). The cumulative laboratory and clinical experience suggests that beneficial protective and treatment outcomes are possible. Both a dose-and a time-dependency emerge. Lesser understood are the concepts of bioavailability and distribution. Apart from direct antigen binding from protective immunoglobulins, antibody effector functions have potential roles in outcome. In attempting to mimic the natural but variable response to infection or vaccination, a strong functional polyclonal approach attracts the potential benefits of attacking antigen diversity, high antibody avidity, antibody persistence, and protection against escape viral mutation. The availability and ease of administration for any passive immunotherapy product must be considered in the current climate of need. There is never a perfect product, but yet there is considerable room for improving patient outcomes. Given the variability of human genetics, immunity, and disease, and given the nuances of the virus and its potential for change, passive immunotherapy can be developed that will be effective for some but not all patients. An understanding of such patient variability and limitations is just as important as the understanding of the direct interactions between immunotherapy and virus.

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Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Egyptian Convalescent Plasma Donors

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Preclinical Studies

Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Preclinical Studies

The predictors of high titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody of convalescent plasma donors

Passive Immunity Should and Will Work for COVID-19 for Some Patients

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