Prevalence of smoking among Moscow schoolchildren and approaches to prevention

Alexandrov, A. A.; Yu, Vivian; Иванова, Е. И.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0769-9_109

Cited by 2 publications

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“…67 Rates in women, however, appear to have increased and are now particularly high among women in cities. [67][68][69][70] Repeat youth surveys (1993-94 and 1997-98) 71 72 in the Baltics and Russia (St Petersburg) and comparison of surveys in Moscow between 1985 73 and 1995 74 suggest youth smoking has also been increasing, particularly in girls.…”

Section: Tobacco Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco and transition: an overview of industry investments, impact and influence in the former Soviet Union: Table 6

Gilmore

2004

Tob Control

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Objectives: To quantify the contribution the tobacco industry has made to foreign direct investment (FDI) in the former Soviet Union (FSU) as an indicator of its political and economic leverage; to explore the impact this has had on production capacity and tobacco control in the region. Design: Data on industry investment and its impact on cigarette production capacity were collated from industry journals, reports, and websites. Data on total FDI were obtained from the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. Results: By the end of 2000, transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) had invested over US$2.7 billion in 10 countries of the FSU. Tobacco money as a proportion of FDI varies from 1% to over 30% in Uzbekistan. Cigarette production capacity in the factories receiving investments tripled from 146 to 416 billion cigarettes per annum and the TTCs' market share has increased from nothing to between 50-100% in the markets in which they invested. Findings suggest that the effectiveness of national tobacco control measures corresponds broadly to the nature of the political and economic transition in each country and the size of industry investment, which is determined in part by the political context. Thus more effective measures tend to be seen in democratic states with smaller or no industry investments while the least effective measures are seen in highly centralised, one party states with high levels of industry investment or those with limited governmental capacity. Conclusions: The entry of the TTCs at a time of major political and economic change left the FSU particularly vulnerable to industry influence. This influence was enhanced by the industry's significant contribution to FDI, their ability to take over existing state monopolies in all but the largest countries, and the lack of democratic opposition.

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Section: Tobacco Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco and transition: an overview of industry investments, impact and influence in the former Soviet Union: Table 6

Gilmore

2004

Tob Control

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“…The most widespread methodology to establish similarity in a family of symbol sequences (of a different origin) is the approach called “alignment” or “editing distance” (Waterman, 1989; Alexandrov et al , 1990; Wootton and Federchen, 1996). The methodology is based on an idea of transformation of one sequence into another, where a transformation is performed with a fixed number of operations allowed (Sadovsky, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metric approach for comparing DNA sequences

2008

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PurposeThis paper attempts to compare two biological successions, in general any two successions, analysing the differences between them.Design/methodology/approachAn algorithm was designed based on a metric which enables one to calculate the associated distance between two successions and, based on the distance obtained, the type of mutations which have occurred was approached.FindingsThe empirical analysis shows that the transformations caused in the successions have been detected by the metric. Today there are numerous enormously powerful programs able to trawl entire databases and therefore the aim of this paper was not to compare these, but to demonstrate a different way of comparing two given successions.Practical implicationsThe paper presents a comparison of two DNA successions having a measure of the degree of similarity between them and their possible mutations.Originality/valueThe metric presented is a generalisation of the Hamming distance in strings of different lengths. The software associated with the metric has made it possible to validate the results obtained.

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Prevalence of smoking among Moscow schoolchildren and approaches to prevention

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Tobacco and transition: an overview of industry investments, impact and influence in the former Soviet Union: Table 6

Tobacco and transition: an overview of industry investments, impact and influence in the former Soviet Union: Table 6

A metric approach for comparing DNA sequences

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