Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. infection in cats from Brazil

Cardia, Daniel Fontana Ferreira; Camossi, Lucilene Granuzzio; Neto, Luiz da Silveira; Langoni, Hélio; Bresciani, Kátia Denise Saraiva

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.017

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This study revealed the occurrence of L. infantum antibodies in 6.6% of the sampled cats, which is higher than that found in previous studies conducted in another areas endemic for leishmaniasis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, where seroprevalence ranging from 0.5 to 4.64% has been reported, using the same serological technique (IFAT) and cut-off (≥ 40) (SOBRINHO et al, 2012;CARDIA et al, 2013;BRESCIANI et al, 2010). On the other hand, Vides et al (2011) reported a higher seroprevalence by IFAT (10.9%) among cats sampled in the city of Araçatuba, state of São Paulo, which was higher than that found in this study, probably because all the cats sampled in the former study showed dermatologic lesions, one of the most suggestive clinical signs of feline leishmaniasis (SOLANO-GALLEGO et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…Lower seropositivity to Leishmania spp. among cats compared to dogs in areas endemic for leishmaniasis have been reported in previous studies (SOLANO-GALLEGO et al, 2007;BRESCIANI et al, 2010;SOBRINHO et al, 2012;CARDIA et al, 2013). According to Solano-Gallego et al (2007), the immune response in cats, mainly cellular immunity, is effective enough to control the infection and confer some natural resistance (GARCIA et al, 1999)., Differences in specificity and sensitivity among different techniques used in earlier studies are likely the cause of disparate seroprevalence rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum and Neospora caninum in cats from an area endemic for leishmaniasis in Brazil

Sousa

Herrera

Domingos

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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An investigation was made into the occurrence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum and Neospora caninum in 151 domestic cats, based on the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Serum samples were collected from 151 domestic cats (65 free-roaming and 86 domiciled cats; 55 males and 96 females) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil between January and April 2013. IgG antibodies to T. gondii, L. infantum and N. caninum were found, respectively, in 49 (32.5%), 34 (22.5%) and 10 (6.6%) sampled cats. A positive correlation was found between T. gondii and N. caninum, T. gondii and L. infantum, and N. caninum and L. infantum (p < 0.05) infections. Also, a significant interaction was identified between gender and area of activity on the probability of T. gondii (p = 0.0324) infection. However, no significant interaction was observed between gender and area of activity on infections by either N. caninum or L. infantum. This study showed that cats from an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil are exposed to three different protozoans, two of which are causal agents of important zoonosis.Keywords: Cats, Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, serology, Brazil. ResumoO presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum e Neospora caninum, em 151 gatos, por meio da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). Entre os meses de janeiro e abril de 2013, amostras de soro foram coletadas de 151 gatos domésticos (65 gatos errantes e 86 gatos domiciliados; 55 machos e 96 fêmeas), de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii, anti-L. infantum e anti-N. caninum foram encontrados em 49 (32,5%) , 34 (22,5%) e 10 (6,6%) gatos amostrados, respectivamente. Verificou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre as infecções por T. gondii e N. caninum, T. gondii e L. infantum e N. caninum e Leishmania infantum (p < 0,05). Além disso, foi observada uma interação significativa entre sexo, área de atividade na probabilidade de infecção por T. gondii (p = 0,0324). No entanto, não foi observada interação significativa entre sexo e área de atividade nas infecções por N. caninum e L. infantum. Este estudo mostrou que os gatos de uma área endêmica brasileira para leishmaniose visceral são expostos a três diferentes protozoários, sendo dois deles importantes agentes zoonóticos.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum and Neospora caninum in cats from an area endemic for leishmaniasis in Brazil

Sousa

Herrera

Domingos

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Neither cat presented clinical signs. Similar results were obtained by Cardia et al 9 with specifi c anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) in 63 (16.3%) of 386 cats and IgG against Leishmania spp. in two serum samples with titers of 1:160 and 1:320, respectively.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

Coinfection by Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in domestic cats (Felis catus) in State of Mato Grosso do Sul

Braga¹,

Corrêa

Camossi

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. are protozoan parasites that cause zoonosis, are distributed worldwide, and affect domestic and wild animals and humans. Cats are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant stage: the oocysts 1 .In 1999, visceral leishmaniasis in cats was fi rst recorded by Hervas et al. 2 in Spain. Since then, current cases represent a widespread distribution, and include reports from Italy 3 , Portugal 4 , the United States 5 . In Brazil, the fi rst occurrence of Leishmania infantum in a cat was recorded in 2004 by Savani et al 5 . Some authors consider this animal an accidental host, while others suggest that felids can act as potential peridomestic reservoirs 6 . However, the role of cats in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis remains to be clarifi ed.The present study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (protocol 65/2007) of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, São Paulo State University, following the Ethical Principles in Animal Experimentation. A total of 50 cats (Felis catus) that were domiciliated in the City of Campo Grande (20°26'34''S, 54°38'47''W) in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil were selected randomly without predilection for sex breed, or age. Blood samples were obtained to detect antibodies for T. gondii and Leishmania spp.The immunofl uorescence antibody test (IFAT) was performed, according to the method described by Camargo 7 , which used whole Leishmania major-like promastigote and the RH strain of T. gondii as the antigen for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis, respectively. Modifi ed agglutination test (MAT) using the RH strain was performed, as described by Desmonts and Remington 8 . The cutoff T. gondii antibody titer for both tests was 16, and the corresponding value in IFAT for Leishmania spp. was 40.Two (4%) of the 50 animals presented titers of antibodies for T. gondii and Leishmania spp., which suggested coinfection by these two protozoa in the same animal. Cat #1 was a female of undefi ned breed, 2 years of age, and presented T. gondii antibody titers of 64 (based on IFAT) and 1,024 (based on MAT), and an antibody titer of 320 for Leishmania spp. Cat #2 was also a female of undefi ned breed, 3 years of age, and presented T. gondii titers of 16 (based on IFAT) and 1,024 (based on MAT), and a Leishmania spp. titer of 320 (Table 1). Neither cat presented clinical signs. Similar results were obtained by Cardia et al. 9 with specifi c anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) in 63 (16.3%) of 386 cats and IgG against Leishmania spp. in two serum samples with titers of 1:160 and 1:320, respectively. In a study conducted by Sobrinho et al. 10 in another Brazilian endemic area, 25.7% cats were coinfected with both agents. However, the authors did not observe a signifi cant association between these infections.In this study, the MAT and IFAT were used, based on the results for cats obtained by Macrì et al. 11 , with a concordance of 0.98 (i.e...

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“…Although there were only a small number of seropositive animals, these observations suggest that those categories would not represent risk factors for T. gondii and that all cats are equally exposed to infection. Similar findings were obtained by Bresciani et al (2007), Coelho et al (2011) andCardia et al (2013), in cats from Brazil. Nevertheless, seroprevalence of infection in domestic cats has been found to vary with their lifestyle (wild, stray or domestic), age, serological test used and geographical location (Gauss et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in domestic cats from Luanda, Angola

Lopes

Oliveira

Granada

et al. 2017

Veterinary Parasitology

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A B S T R A C TToxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. are zoonotic protozoa of importance to animal and public health. The present study aimed to assess for the first time the seroprevalence of these zoonotic parasites in a domestic feline population living in Luanda, Angola. One hundred and two cats were sampled at a veterinary medical centre, from May 2014 to February 2016. The age of the cats ranged from 2.5 to 143 months (median: 12 months; interquartile range: 7.5-24). Serum samples were tested for immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to T. gondii at twofold dilutions of 1:20 to 1:2560 with a modified agglutination test (MAT) commercial kit. The direct agglutination test (DAT) for titration of IgG antibodies specific to Leishmania spp. used a standard freeze-dried antigen at a concentration of 5 × 10 7 promastigotes per milliliter, following a predefined protocol. Two-fold dilution series ranging from 1:25 to 1:800 were tested, with a cut-off titre of 100 chosen for seropositivity. Four out of 102 cats (3.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-9.7) had antibodies to T. gondii: one had a titer of 20, one a titer of 160, and two had a titer ≥ 2560. No cat (0.0%; CI: 0.0-3.5) was found seropositive for Leishmania spp. A statistically significant difference was found between T. gondii seroprevalence and Leishmania spp. seroprevalence (p = 0.043). The odds of a cat being seropositive to T. gondii increased by an average factor of 1.58 for each 1-year increase in age (p = 0.003). The sampled cats were well-cared animals and may not represent the overall feline population of Angola at the national and city levels. The fact that only 12 out of the 102 sampled cats ate or had access to raw or undercooked meat and/or viscera may have reduced the likelihood of finding seropositive results. Under these circumstances, additional studies, including a larger number of cats, are necessary for a more comprehensive assessment of the zoonotic risk posed by these animals in Angola.

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. infection in cats from Brazil

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum and Neospora caninum in cats from an area endemic for leishmaniasis in Brazil

Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum and Neospora caninum in cats from an area endemic for leishmaniasis in Brazil

Coinfection by Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in domestic cats (Felis catus) in State of Mato Grosso do Sul

Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in domestic cats from Luanda, Angola

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