Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and risk factors in women treated at public health units in Brazil: a transversal study

Grama, Daliane Faria; Casarotti, Leonardo da Silva; Morato, Michelle Gonçalves Vilela de Andrade; Silva, Lidyane Suellen; Mendonça, Daniella Fernandes; Limongi, Jean Ezequiel; Viana, João da Costa; Cury, Márcia Cristina

doi:10.1093/trstmh/trt063

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Infection with T. vaginalis has also been associated with variables such as age [21], smoking [18], and use of hormonal contraceptives [42]. In our study, however, there was no association between positive results for T. vaginalis and any of these variables.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…The prevalence of T. vaginalis in each age group depends on several factors, including the technique used to assess this prevalence [17][18][19][20]. For example, research using culture, wet mount, and Pap smear found a prevalence of 2.6% in women attending primary health clinics in Uberlândia, MG, in the southeast region of Brazil [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, research using culture, wet mount, and Pap smear found a prevalence of 2.6% in women attending primary health clinics in Uberlândia, MG, in the southeast region of Brazil [18]. The prevalence was highest among women 40 years of age or older.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women of reproductive age at a family health clinic

Glehn

Sá

Silva

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis is considered the most prevalent curable sexually transmitted infection, and its occurrence exceeds that of gonococcal and chlamydia infections. This parasite has been identified as responsible for the increased risk of transmission of HIV and has also been associated with prostate and cervical cancer. Many carriers of T. vaginalis are asymptomatic and, when experiencing a health problem, they most often have nonspecific symptoms. The aim of this research was to estimate the presence of T. vaginalis and the associated factors in women of childbearing age at a primary health care clinic in the Federal District of Brazil. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive sampling of an outpatient population of women of childbearing age (excluding minors and pregnant women). The women answered a questionnaire and were examined. After vaginal pH measurement and whiff testing, a vaginal secretion sample was obtained for inoculation in TYM, a specific T. vaginalis culture medium. Results: The presence of T. vaginalis was identified in 16% of the sample. Fewer lifetime sexual partners and consistent condom use were identified as factors of protection against the infection. Complaints of dyspareunia were proportionally higher among women with positive cultures for T. vaginalis. Conclusions: The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was high in the sample studied. The infection was positively associated with the number of lifetime sexual partners, and consistent condom use was a protective factor. Vaginal complaints were more common among women with T. vaginalis, but only dyspareunia had significant association.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women of reproductive age at a family health clinic

Glehn

Sá

Silva

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…vaginalis infection among non-pregnant women (1.4%) was lower than the rates observed in other studies of non-pregnant females aged 12 to 52 years conducted in Ceará (4.1%) [31]; São Paulo, SP (3.2%) [32]; and Minas Gerais (2.6%) [33]. In contrast, the prevalence of T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The prevalence of trichomoniasis and associated factors among women treated at a university hospital in southern Brazil

et al. 2017

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BackgroundTrichomoniasis is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world; however, it remains a neglected parasitic disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis and its associated epidemiological factors among women treated at a hospital in southern Brazil.Methodology/Principal findingsA cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of this infection in women treated at Hospital Universitário (HU) in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between January 2012 and January 2015. This study consisted a self-administered questionnaire regarding demographic, clinical, and behavioural data and a molecular diagnosis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the TVK3/7 primer set, which was confirmed with sequence analysis. Of the 345 women surveyed, the overall prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) was 4.1% (14/345). The prevalence rates were 5.9% among pregnant women, 8.5% among HIV-positive women, and 10.1% among HIV-positive pregnant women. The rates for groups with other significant demographic and clinical features were as follows: 6.6% among women with white skin, 12.3% among women with an income below the minimum monthly wage, 7.4% among women with a vaginal pH greater than or equal to 4.6, and 7.9% among women with a comorbid STD. The multivariate analysis confirmed that pregnant women who were HIV-positive (p = 0.001) and had low incomes (p = 0.026) were the most likely to have this infection.ConclusionsA multivariate analysis confirmed that HIV-positive pregnant women with low incomes were the participants most likely to have trichomoniasis. These results are important because this Brazilian region presents a high prevalence of HIV-1 subtype C, which is associated with greater transmissibility. Additionally, low family income reveals a socioeconomic fragility that might favour the transmission of this STD.

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“…Studies in Latin America revealed similar prevalence values of 7.6% in Argentina 47 7.8% in Chile 48 and 9.1% in Peru 49. In Brazil, prevalence ranged from 2.6% to 20% among women 50515253 and the Health Ministry estimates a general prevalence of 15% 54. These uncertain data are due to the limitations in sample selection, since it is not representative of the Brazilian population in general.…”

Section: Trichomoniasis In Numbersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Trichomoniasis – are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?

Menezes

Frasson

Tasca

2016

MIC

119

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Etiology: Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world. Transmission: Trichomoniasis is transmitted by sexual intercourse and transmission via fomites is rare. Epidemiology, incidence and prevalence: The WHO estimates an incidence of 276 million new cases each year and prevalence of 187 million of infected individuals. However, the infection is not notifiable. Pathology/Symptomatology: The T. vaginalis infection results in a variety of clinical manifestations - in most cases the patients are asymptomatic, but some may develop signs typically associated to the disease. Importantly, the main issue concerning trichomoniasis is its relationship with serious health consequences such as cancer, adverse pregnancy outcomes, infertility, and HIV acquisition. Molecular mechanisms of infection: To achieve success in parasitism trichomonads develop a complex process against the host cells that includes dependent- and independent-contact mechanisms. This multifactorial pathogenesis includes molecules such as soluble factors, secreted proteinases, adhesins, lipophosphoglycan that culminate in cytoadherence and cytotoxicity against the host cells. Treatment and curability: The treatment with metronidazole or tinidazole is recommended; however, cure failures remain problematic due to noncompliance, reinfection and/or lack of treatment of sexual partners, inaccurate diagnosis, or drug resistance. Therefore, new therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. Protection: Strategies for protection including sexual behavior, condom usage, and therapy have not contributed to the decrease on disease prevalence, pointing to the need for innovative approaches. Vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of long-lasting humoral immunity associated to the absence of good animal models.

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Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and risk factors in women treated at public health units in Brazil: a transversal study

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women of reproductive age at a family health clinic

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women of reproductive age at a family health clinic

The prevalence of trichomoniasis and associated factors among women treated at a university hospital in southern Brazil

Trichomoniasis – are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?

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