Prevalence of tuberculosis respiratory symptoms and associated factors in the indigenous populations of Paraguay (2012)

Abstract

BACKGROUND The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and confirmed tuberculosis (TB) among indigenous groups in Paraguay is unknown.METHODS This study assessed the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, confirmed pulmonary TB, and associated socio-economic factors among indigenous Paraguayan populations. Indigenous persons residing in selected communities were included in the study. A total of 24,352 participants were interviewed at home between October and December 2012. Respiratory symptomatic individuals were defined as those with respiratory symptoms of TB. A hierarchical Poisson regression analysis was performed with four levels: individual characteristics, living conditions and environmental characteristics, source of food, and type of nutrition.FINDINGS In this study, 1,383 participants had respiratory symptoms (5.7%), but only 10 had culture-confirmed TB (41/100,000 inhabitants). The small number of cases did not allow evaluation of the risk factors for TB. Age older than 37 years was associated with a two-fold increased risk of symptoms. Female sex; family history of TB; type of housing; home heating; a lack of hunting, fishing, or purchasing food; and a lack of vegetable consumption were also associated with the presence of symptoms. A lack of cereal consumption had a protective effect. Members of the Ayoreo or Manjui ethnic groups had a three-fold increased risk of symptoms.MAIN CONCLUSION Individual characteristics, dietary habits, and belonging to specific ethnic groups were associated with respiratory symptoms.

Atenção primária à saúde de indígenas sul-americanos: revisão integrativa da literatura

“…O Paraguai possui aproximadamente 20 grupos étnicos, que correspondiam a cerca de 1,7% de toda a população paraguaia em 2012 (41). Nessas comunidades, 112 800 pessoas pertencem a grupos indígenas e possuem altas taxas de prevalência de tuberculose.…”

“…Nessas comunidades, 112 800 pessoas pertencem a grupos indígenas e possuem altas taxas de prevalência de tuberculose. Os relatos sobre indígenas paraguaios indicam que essa população costumeiramente atrasa a busca por cuidado médico formal devido a uma relativa minimização dos sintomas, o que, consequentemente, causa atraso no diagnóstico e na cura de doenças (41).…”

Modelo Preditivo De Determinantes Socioeconômicos Da Tuberculose Em População Indígena Do Estado Do Pará, Brasil

“…Outro aspecto do perfil sociodemográfico foi que a faixa etária mais acometida foram os indígenas maiores que 15 anos, semelhante ao encontrado em outros estudos (4,12) . Entretanto, um resultado que destoa da literatura é o fato de que no Pará, neste período de estudo, os indígenas mais acometidos pela TB foram os alfabetizados.…”

Safety and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in hospitalized patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis: An open-label, randomized, phase II trial (RIPENACTB Study)

“…The factors predictive of mortality in this population were invasive mechanical ventilation, hypoalbuminemia, and severe immunosuppression [26]. Indigenous population was also excluded from the analysis, but represents a major burden of the disease in the Brazilian Amazon [27,28].…”