Prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among pregnant women in Konso district, southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Undernutrition during pregnancy is an important public health problem. It is highly prevalent in Ethiopia but not sufficiently addressed yet. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among pregnant mothers in Konso district, Ethiopia. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a qualitative inquiry from December 2018 to January 2019. A multistage stratified sampling technique was used to select 527 subjects and quantitative data were collected from these subjects using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and additionally qualitative data were generated through two focus group discussions among purposely selected discussants. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured by standard non-stretchable MUAC tape. Data were entered into Epi-data version3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 21. In multivariable binary logistic regression, a statistically significant association was declared at p-value < 0.05 while thematic framework analysis was employed for the qualitative data. Results Among 501 participants, the overall prevalence of undernutrition (MUAC < 23 cm) was 43.1% (95% CI 38.7–47.5%). Household food security (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 2.1–4.6), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 2.6–9.2), medium dietary diversity score (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2–4.7), absence of latrine (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.6) and having family resource decision making by husband only (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.6) were significantly associated factors. Traditional believes to restrict food such as egg, milk, and milk products, avocado for women, weak nutrition education and malnutrition screening program, daily consumption of locally prepared alcoholic drink called “Cheka”, drought-prone nature of this setting, traditional way of farming practices and low socio-economic status were found to be barriers for women’s undernutrition. Conclusions The prevalence of undernutrition was found to be higher than previously reported findings. Household food security, dietary diversity, latrine availability, family resource decision making, food restrictions, weak maternal nutrition education, and malnutrition screening program, the practice of depending on a local alcoholic drink called “Cheka”, drought, traditional way of farming and low socio-economic status were identified factors. Hence, interventions targeting maternal nutrition education, hygiene, and sanitation promotion, household food insecurity improvement strategies should be implemented to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women.

Undernutrition and associated factors among rural pregnant women in Eastern Ethiopia

“… 63 In line with this, the occurrence of undernutrition in this research was found four times greater than the cutoff value to declare maternal undernutrition as a main public health issue, which is 10%. 8 , 63 , 64 The prevalence was also consistent with previous studies, 40 , 42 , 65 , 66 and higher than other study findings 37 , 38 conducted in different parts of Ethiopia. The reasons for the higher prevalence in eastern Ethiopia might be due to variations in socio-demographic characteristics, study setting, sample size, and population.…”

Undernutrition and its associated factors among pregnant women at the public hospitals of Bench-Sheko and Kaffa zone, southwest Ethiopia

“…This study aimed to assess the maternal undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women at the public hospitals of Bench-Sheko and Kaffa zone, Southwest Ethiopia. According to this study, the prevalence of maternal undernutrition among pregnant women was 42.4%, which is almost consistent finding with the study from the Guji zone (41.2%) [ 21 ], Tigray region, (40.6%) [ 23 ], from the rural district of Oromia region (41%) [ 3 ], Konso district of Ethiopia (43.1%) [ 26 ] and India (38%) [ 27 ]. This alignment might be because the measurement cut-off points used were similar to this study's cut-off points for undernutrition, which all used <23 cm, and the socio-economic status of the study participants.…”

Determinants of nutritional status among pregnant women in East Shoa zone, Central Ethiopia

“…Different interventions have been undertaken to curb the high prevalence of maternal undernutrition in the past years by the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health and other stakeholders ( 28 , 29 ). However, high maternal undernutrition is still a challenge in many parts of the country ( 15 , 23 ). We found that 14 percent of women were undernourished which is less than what was reported in the previous studies ( 24 , 26 , 30 ).…”