Prevalence of Vaginal Candidiasis among Pregnant Women in Nnewi Town of Anambra State, Nigeria

Okonkwo, NJ; Umeanaeto, PU

doi:10.4314/afrrev.v4i4.69250

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This rate is almost double the rate reported in Burkina faso (14%) and about half the rate reported in Maroua, Cameroon 55.4% [27,28]. The prevalence reported in this study is lower than the 30.7% reported in Jamaica [29], and the rate of 30% reported in Nnewi, a town in Nigeria [30].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Detection and Epidemiology of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Nurat

Babalola

Shittu

et al. 2015

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is caused by the overgrowth of Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans in the vagina and is characterized by curd-like vaginal discharge, itching and erythema. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and to emphasize the need for proper detection of vulvovaginal candidiasis among asymptomatic pregnant women. A total of 140 pregnant women aged between 20-49 years and of gestation age of 14-36 weeks were recruited for this study. High Vaginal swabs were collected under aseptic condition. Samples collected were analyzed within one hour of collection using microscopy and culture methods. The isolates were further subjected to the Germ tube test (GTT) and the chromogenic agar test (CHROM agar). The rate of Candida infection was found to be 25% (n=35) among the pregnant women. The peak age of infection was 20-29 years 33.8% (n=26), no woman between the age 40 to 49 years had candidiasis. Candidiasis was significantly more likely to be detected in pregnant women in the second trimester compared to those in the first (χ 2 =5.952; p <0.05) and third trimesters ((χ 2 =9.282; p <0.05). This study revealed a high incidence of asymptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in Ogbomoso and various Candida spp responsible for VVC were identified.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Detection and Epidemiology of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Nurat

Babalola

Shittu

et al. 2015

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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“…15 In another study, the prevalence reported was 30.7% in Jamaica 16 and 30% in Nigeria. 17 A range of studies have revealed asymptomatic vaginal colonization of Candida as 5–30%. 18 Many investigators noted a high infection rate in the 20–29 age group, which was consistent with our study, as many of the patients were in the age range of 25–28 years, most probably due to indiscriminate drug usage, especially contraceptives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal susceptibility testing of vulvovaginal <em>Candida</em> species among women attending antenatal clinic in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar

Khan

Ahmed

Gul

et al. 2018

IDR

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BackgroundVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is considered as a pervasive gynecological problem among women worldwide. Owing to this fact, in the current study, we aimed at assessing the prevalence rate of Candida spp. causing VVC in symptomatic pregnant women and their antifungal susceptibility pattern.MethodsThis study was carried out in the tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar during the period of July 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. The study group included 450 pregnant women in the age group of 17–44 years with symptoms of excessive vaginal discharge, pain and pruritis. In all, 108 pregnant women were culture positive for Candida. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted on specimens against various azoles and polyene F group of antifungals.ResultsOut of 108 Candida spp. isolated from vaginal swabs, there were 45 (41.7%) Candida albicans, 18 (16.7%) Candida tropicalis, 18 (16.7%) Candida krusei, 16 (14.8%) Candida glabrata and 11 (10.2%) Candida dubliniensis. According to age distribution, 27 years was the mean age. Pregnancy trimester distribution among patients was as follows: 21 (19.4%) patients were in their first trimester, 65 (60.2%) patients were in their second trimester and 22 (20.4%) patients were in the third trimester. Susceptibility of fluconazole was determined as follows: 33.3% of the Candida isolates were sensitive, 4.6% were susceptible dose dependent (SDD) and 62% were resistant. Susceptibility of Candida spp. with respect to nystatin in patients with VVC was as follows: 25% were sensitive, 16.7% were SDD and 58.3% were resistant. Susceptibility of clotrimazole was analyzed, and it was sensitive in 21.3% of patients, SDD in 19.4% of patients and resistant in 59.3% of patients. Voriconazole susceptibility was recorded to be sensitive in 85.2% of patients, SDD in 4.6% of patients and resistant in 10.2% of patients suffering from VVC. Susceptibility results for itraconazole in patients with VVC were as follows: 42.6% of patients were sensitive, 16.7% of patients were SDD, and 40.7% of patients were resistant.ConclusionIn this study, frequency of VVC was noted to be high in the second trimester of pregnancy, with the highest frequency of C. albicans isolated, followed by C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that fluconazole was exceedingly resistant against Candida species (62%), followed by clotrimazole (59.3%) and nystatin (58.3%). On the contrary, voriconazole had the highest antimicrobial activity against Candida species (85.2%).

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“…The sample size was determined using data from a prevalence study conducted in Nigeria with a prevalence of vaginal candidiasis of 14%, as demonstrated by Okonkwo and Umeanaeto. 20 Therefore, the minimum sample size required for this study with a 5% margin of error and 95% confidence level was 185.…”

Section: Sample-size Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among nonpregnant women attending a tertiary health care facility in Abuja, Nigeria

Emeribe

Abdullahi

Onyia³

et al. 2015

RRTM

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Background: Candida spp. are normal flora of the vagina that eventually become pathogenic under some prevailing conditions, and thus present as a common etiology of vulvovaginitis. When prompt recognition and laboratory confirmation is not achieved, this could lead to devastating genital discomfort and a major reason for frequent hospital visits. Aims: This was a cross-sectional prospective study that aimed to determine the prevalence and some associated risk factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) among nonpregnant women

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Prevalence of Vaginal Candidiasis among Pregnant Women in Nnewi Town of Anambra State, Nigeria

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Detection and Epidemiology of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Detection and Epidemiology of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Antifungal susceptibility testing of vulvovaginal <em>Candida</em> species among women attending antenatal clinic in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar

Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among nonpregnant women attending a tertiary health care facility in Abuja, Nigeria

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