Prevalence of viral infection in acute exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases in Japan

On, Rintaro; Matsumoto, Takemasa; Kushima, Hisako; Hirano, Ryosuke; Fujita, Masaki

doi:10.1016/j.resinv.2020.06.006

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The present patient met the diagnostic criteria for AE-IPF, and an AE event was triggered by COVID-19 ( 8 ). Previous studies have suggested that some cases of AE-IPF are induced by viral infections ( 18 , 19 ). Song et al noted no marked differences in the prognosis between patients with “idiopathic” AE and those whose condition was triggered by infection ( 20 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Treatment with High-dose Steroids for Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Triggered by COVID-19

et al. 2022

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We herein report a case of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) triggered by COVID-19. An 87-year-old woman tested positive for COVID-19 on a polymerase chain reaction test, and computed tomography revealed ground-glass opacity (GGO) superimposed on a background pattern consistent with usual interstitial pneumonia. Considering these data, we diagnosed her with AE-IPF. She experienced worsening of dyspnea and expansion of the GGO. Therefore, we introduced high-dose steroids (methylprednisolone 250 mg/day for 3 days). After the treatment, the pulmonary infiltrates improved. She was discharged from our hospital without severe disability. High-dose steroids can be a viable treatment option for AE-IPF triggered by COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Treatment with High-dose Steroids for Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Triggered by COVID-19

et al. 2022

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“…Of these patients, 78% were considered to have mixed infection, mainly manifested as fungus + virus (39.74%), fungus + virus + bacteria (32.05%), and bacteria + virus (28.21%), in which viruses were involved. Typically, the prognosis of AE-ILD is poor with a 50% mortality rate, and the mortality rate is high within 6-12 months [19] . In another study including IPF and non-IPF patients, the overall survival after admission for AE-ILD was 67% at 1 month and 40% at 3 months [20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample of previous related studies was relatively small, and the main difference was the specimen type. In a prospective study examined nasopharyngeal swab [19] , 10.34% of cases were suggestive of viral infection, including respiratory syncytial virus, in uenza A virus and enterovirus. In addition, in 2 small sample studies using BALF samples [21] , about 21.42%-27.78% of patients were detected with respiratory viruses, mainly including CMV, respiratory syncytial virus B, parain uenza virus, herpes simplex virus, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogenic diagnosis in patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease

Zhang

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Acute exacerbation is regarded as a risk factor for prediction of poor outcome in patients with interstitial lung disease. There is no unified view on the cause of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD), among which infection is considered as an important cause, however, there are few related studies. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been applied for pathogen determination for infectious diseases. However, the clinical significance of mNGS in AE-ILD remains unclear.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 33 cases confirmed of AE-ILD from Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine at Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University in Jiangsu, China, between Jun 2020 and May 2021. Patients were enrolled and the potential pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or deep sputum were detected simultaneously by conventional microbial examination and mNGS. We evaluated the etiological diagnostic effect of mNGS in patients with AE-ILD.Results: In 96.8% (32/33) of the patients with AE-ILD, various pathogens were determined positively by mNGS, including 46% infected with viral, 28% with bacterial and 26% with fungal. Of these, 78% were considered to have mixed infection, mainly manifested as fungus + virus (39.74%), fungus + virus + bacteria (32.05%), and bacteria + virus (28.21%). In addition, the overall survival after admission for AE-ILD was 42.42% at 1 month and 51.51% at 3 months. Conclusions: mNGS showed that infection played an important role during the acute exacerbation of ILD, there are a variety of pathogens including bacteria, viruses and fungi, among which mixed infections were common.

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“…Viruses were detected as described previously [20,21]. Nucleic acids were extracted from 200 µL of viral transport medium (Qiagen, Stanford, VA, USA) according to manufacturer instructions.…”

Section: Multiplex Real-time Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of treatment with corticosteroids on human rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations in pediatric inpatients: a prospective observational study

Kan-o

Washio

Oki

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Viral infection of the respiratory tract, predominantly by human rhinoviruses (HRVs), is a common cause of exacerbations in pediatric patients with asthma. However, the effects of corticosteroids on HRV-induced exacerbations in pediatric asthma are unknown. We conducted a prospective observational study to determine the viral pathogens in school-age pediatric inpatients with asthma exacerbations. We assessed the effects of maintenance inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on the detection rates of HRV species and treatment periods of systemic corticosteroids during exacerbations on pulmonary lung function 3 months after HRV-induced exacerbations. Methods Nasopharyngeal samples and clinical information were collected from 59 patients with asthma exacerbations between April 2018 and March 2020. Pulmonary function tests were carried out 3 months after exacerbations in 18 HRV-positive patients. Changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)% predicted from baseline in a stable state were compared according to the treatment periods of systemic corticosteroids. Results Fifty-four samples collected from hospitalised patients were analysed, and viral pathogens were identified in 45 patients (83.3%) using multiplex PCR assay. HRV-A, -B, and -C were detected in 16 (29.6%), one (1.9%), and 16 (29.6%) patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in the detection rates of viral pathogens in total between patients treated or not treated with maintenance ICS. The detection rates of HRV-C were lower in the ICS-treated group compared with those in the ICS-untreated group (p = 0.01), whereas ICS treatment did not affect the detection rate for HRV-A. Changes in FEV1% predicted in patients treated with systemic corticosteroids for 6–8 days (n = 10; median, 4.90%) were higher than those in patients treated within 5 days (n = 8; median, − 10.25%) (p = 0.0085). Conclusions Maintenance ICS reduced the detection rates of HRV (mainly HRV-C) in school-age inpatients with asthma exacerbations, and the treatment periods of systemic corticosteroids during exacerbations affected lung function after HRV-induced exacerbations. The protective effects of corticosteroids on virus-induced asthma exacerbations may be dependent upon the types of viral pathogen.

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Prevalence of viral infection in acute exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases in Japan

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Successful Treatment with High-dose Steroids for Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Triggered by COVID-19

Successful Treatment with High-dose Steroids for Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Triggered by COVID-19

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogenic diagnosis in patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease

Effects of treatment with corticosteroids on human rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations in pediatric inpatients: a prospective observational study

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