Prevalence of virulent and biofilm forming ST88-IV-t2526 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones circulating in local retail fish markets in Assam, India

Sivaraman, G.K.; Muneeb, K.H.; Sudha, S.; Shome, Bibek Ranjan; Cole, Jennifer; Holmes, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108098

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…, found a higher level of MRSA (50%) in the 173 market fish samples in Assam, India. Almost 60% of the shrimp aquaculture settings samples were positive for the MRSA in Kerala, India [ 40 , 41 ]. However, Daniel Vazquez- Sanchez et al ., did not find any MRSA in fish and fishery products [ 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA from seafood products from Indian seafood products

et al. 2022

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Compared to the clinical sector, the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the food sector is relatively low. However, their presence in seafood is a significant public health concern. In India, fish and fishery products are maximally manually handled compared to other food products. In this study, 498 fish samples were collected under various conditions (fresh, chilled or dressed) and representatives from their surroundings. These samples were screened for the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, determining its antimicrobial resistance, MRSA and genetic profile. It is observed that 15.0% and 3.0% of the total samples were screened positive for S. aureus and MRSA, respectively. The S. aureus strain MRSARF-10 showed higher resistance to linezolid, co-trimoxazole, cefoxitin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, rifampicin, ampicillin/sulbactam and Piperacillin–tazobactam. This MRSA, spa type t021 and SCCmec type V strain isolated from dried ribbon fish (Family Trachipteridae) carried virulence factors for exoenzymes such as aureolysin, serine, toxin genes and a novel MLST ST 243, as revealed from its draft-genome sequence. This highly pathogenic, multidrug-resistant and virulent S. aureus novel strain is circulating in the environment with chances of spreading among the seafood workers and the environment. It is further suggested that Good Hygienic Practices recommended by World Health Organization need to be followed during the different stages of seafood processing to provide pathogen-free fish and fishery products to the consumers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA from seafood products from Indian seafood products

et al. 2022

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“…The main issues with many of these studies ( Conceição et al, 2013 , Zhou and Wang, 2013 , Kahsay et al, 2019 ) is that they tend to focus on relevant clinical bacteria (including those belonging to the genus Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae ), recovered from surfaces and from the air: little is known about the diversity of antimicrobial resistant bacterial species and AMR genes present in public settings and the built environment around the globe, including how bacteria come to be in such environments and the main barriers or enablers of transmission and resistance emergence. Additionally, studies have shown that the external environment (exposome) has a pivotal impact on the internal environment of the human microbiome ( Kim and Hong, 2017 ) and studies in India have started to map the movement of resistant genes between waterways, food fishes and produce markets ( Sivaraman et al, 2020 , Sivaraman et al, 2021a , Sivaraman et al, 2021b ). Changes in the exposome could alter the composition of the human microbiome due to the complex interactions acquired infections tend to have with other microbial communities and their host.…”

Section: The Threat From Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the nature of horizontal transfer, even non-pathogenic bacteria that possess AMR genes need to be considered a public health threat as they risk transferring the AMR genes to known pathogens ( Hummel et al, 1977 , Sivaraman et al, 2021b ). In addition, AMR bacteria have been known to spill-over from hospitals and agriculture into public settings such as restaurants, street food stalls and markets ( Manyi-Loh et al, 2018 , Sivaraman et al, 2020 , Sivaraman et al, 2021a ). Moreover, inappropriate antibiotic use and self-prescribing within low and middle income countries (LMICs), particularly in lower socioeconomic communities, may also contribute to increased AMR in the community and in public settings ( Erku et al, 2017 , Saleem et al, 2019 ) including the carriage of mobile genetic elements by houseflies ( Sobur et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Origins Of Antimicrobial Resistance In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance and prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from public settings within urban built environments: Challenges and opportunities for hygiene and infection control

Cave

Cole

Mkrtchyan

2021

Environment International

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Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria present one of the biggest threats to public health; this must not be forgotten while global attention is focussed on the COVID-19 pandemic. Resistant bacteria have been demonstrated to be transmittable to humans in many different environments, including public settings in urban built environments where high-density human activity can be found, including public transport, sports arenas and schools. However, in comparison to healthcare settings and agriculture, there is very little surveillance of AMR in the built environment outside of healthcare settings and wastewater. In this review, we analyse the existing literature to aid our understanding of what surveillance has been conducted within different public settings and identify what this tells us about the prevalence of AMR. We highlight the challenges that have been reported; and make recommendations for future studies that will help to fill knowledge gaps present in the literature.

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“…The present rate at which antimicrobials are used in agriculture and veterinary medicine poses just as great a challenge of increasing AMR, if not greater, than that posed by their use in human medicine [56,57]. As such, structural and systemic control of the use of antibiotics/antimicrobials in agriculture and aquaculture [58] would be important in managing the rise in AMR. However, indiscriminately placing restrictions on the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine, agriculture and aquaculture without considering the social constructs of the people or environment in which it is placed may not solve the problem either, however [59], but rather threaten the quality and quantity of animal health productions available.…”

Section: Extending Rights To the More-than-human Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Use of Antimicrobials as a Solution to the Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Approaching an Ethical Dilemma through the Lens of Planetary Health

2021

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Controlled dispensation of antimicrobial drugs is the most echoed solution among many that have been postulated to counter this problem. However, the life-impacting significance of antimicrobials makes this approach a very complex one, which must be considered under the lens of health and planetary ethics. As the problem of AMR is not peculiar to only a few people, the right to know the risk, as well as decisions as to when and how antimicrobials are used should, not be granted to only a few decision makers, but be used as drivers to advance planetary health knowledge in a way that benefits individuals, society, and future generations. Within an ethical framework, implementing policies that extend the efficacy period of antimicrobials should be considered in a way that balances range, choice, and quality of drugs against stewardship activities. The challenge of AMR cannot be eliminated completely by reduced use of antimicrobials only; understanding how, where and when reduction is necessary, and social structures and patterns (as well as existing health and government systems) are required if any global/national intervention would be successful and equitable. We may well have gone past the stage of adopting precautionary principles as the danger we face presents no iota of uncertainty. The measures to control AMR’s emergence and its spread are well presented. Nevertheless, we must not ere from the path of justice and equity even in the face of certain danger.

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Prevalence of virulent and biofilm forming ST88-IV-t2526 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones circulating in local retail fish markets in Assam, India

Cited by 22 publications

References 43 publications

Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA from seafood products from Indian seafood products

Prevalence of S. aureus and/or MRSA from seafood products from Indian seafood products

Surveillance and prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from public settings within urban built environments: Challenges and opportunities for hygiene and infection control

Reducing the Use of Antimicrobials as a Solution to the Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Approaching an Ethical Dilemma through the Lens of Planetary Health

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