Prevalence of visual impairment and refractive errors in an urban area of Mexico

Signes-Soler, Isabel

doi:10.18240/ijo.2019.10.14

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…4,43 Different studies have reported contradictory findings, and we detected correlations with age, 41,42,44 Uncorrected/undercorrected refractive error (particularly myopia) is the main reason for UCVA/PVA 20/40 or worse. 43,45,46 This type of vision problem can be easily solved by prescribing a pair of suitable spectacles. In the present study, only 24.2% of myopia students wore glasses, and 59.4% of them did not have accurate spectacles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Visual Acuity Among School Children in the Plateau Region of Qinghai, China

Wu¹,

Tian²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of refractive error and visual acuity among school children in the plateau region of Qinghai, China. Methods The school-based, cross-sectional study was performed in Menyuan, Qinghai, China. Three kindergartens and three primary schools were randomly enrolled from both rural areas and county towns. The participants had undergone ophthalmic examinations of the intraocular pressure (IOP), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic refraction, and axial length (AL). Regression analysis was applied to investigate the potential risk factors affecting the prevalence of various refractive errors. Results A total of 3770 children were invited to participate, and 3524 (93.5%) had undergone examination. Among the 3524 children (51.8% boys) with a mean age of 8.3±2.3 years, 1049 (29.8%) had myopia, 30 (0.9%) had high myopia, 1692 (48.0%) had mild hyperopia, 152 (4.3%) had medium to marked hyperopia and 925 (26.2%) had astigmatism. The mean SER was −0.16±1.86 D and decreased with age. The AL increased with age from 21.80±0.59 mm at 4-years to 23.53±1.05 mm at 12-years. The myopia prevalence increased with age from 2.0% at 4 years to 62.8% at 12-years. Myopia was associated with increasing age, county town habitation and girls. Among the 723 participants with PVA 20/40 or worse in one eye, 564 (78.0%) were due to uncorrected refractive error, and 83 (22.0%) were due to undercorrected refractive error. Among the 1049 children with myopia, only 254 wore glasses, and 151 children with PVA had a worse BCVA and did not have accurate spectacles. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia is very high among school children in Menyuan. Only 24.2% of myopic children wore glasses, and 59.4% of children did not have accurate spectacles. Strategies to improve access to eye care and affordable glasses are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Visual Acuity Among School Children in the Plateau Region of Qinghai, China

Wu¹,

Tian²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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“…More than 700,000 first-grade children have been screened in 2 years. The prevalence of the children who failed the visual screening was only 2.59% (20,401 out of 786,729 students), which was low compared to other studies conducted in India, Ethiopia, Mexico, China and USA 3–5 , 7 , 29 , 30 ( Table 6 ). There are a few possible reasons for this low prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Astigmatism (seen in 70% of those prescribed glasses) was the most common type of refractive error, which is in agreement with the reports by Khoshhal et al (systematic review), Signes-Soler et al (Mexico), and Margine et al (USA). 5 , 7 , 30 The majority of studies have found that the prevalence of myopia (0.25–4.6%) is higher than hyperopia (0.16–8%). However, Margine et al 30 had conflicting results, which might be due to their younger population and the data being taken after cycloplegic refraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refractive errors are common pediatric eye conditions. 1 , 2 The prevalence of all types of refractive errors in primary school-based visual screening has been reported in many countries and has ranged from 5.2% in India, 3 4% in the Middle East, 4 4.3% in Ethiopia, 5 34.5% in Malaysia, 6 6.3% in Mexico 7 and 9.15% in UK. 8 The prevalence of refractive errors seems to be higher in older school children (7 to 13 years) 9 and varies among ethnic groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Prescription Glasses in the First-Grade Thai Students (7–8 Years Old)

Wangtiraumnuay¹,

Trichaiyaporn²,

Lueangaram³

et al. 2021

OPTO

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Purpose To study the prevalence of the prescription glasses given to first-grade students due to the “Good Sight for Thai Children” (GSTC) policy. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that examined all prescription glasses given to first-grade students throughout Thailand, after visual screening due to the GSTC policy between 2016 and 2017. Trained class teachers screened their students’ visual acuity and referred children who had less than 20/40 visual acuity in either eye to a hospital for an eye examination and prescription glasses. Results A total of 786,729 students were screened. Of these, 20,401 (2.59%) students were referred to hospital. However, only 9867 (48.37%) students presented to a hospital. Glasses were prescribed for 5324 (53.96%) students following cycloplegic refraction by ophthalmologists or trained refractionists. The mean spherical equivalent was −1.08 (−19.00 to +10.00, SD 2.32) diopters. There were 1626 (30.54%) children at amblyopic risk without glasses. A 5.49% had high myopia (< −6 diopters), 5.22% had high hyperopia (> +5 diopters) and 27.82% had high astigmatism (>2 diopters). A cylindrical lens analysis showed that 81.53% had with-the-rule astigmatism, 4.07% had against-the-rule astigmatism, and 14.40% had oblique astigmatism. Conclusion Although the reliable prevalence of refractive error cannot be estimated, the prevalence of visual impairment may be estimated. There were a number of students who required glasses. The astigmatism was the most common refractive error on prescription glasses for first-grade children. With-the-rule astigmatism was the most prevalent. The visual screening program of school children proved to be valuable and should be continued and developed.

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“…7,8 The increasing prevalence of myopia has been demonstrated across the globe, including Europe and North America, and recent studies in East Asia and Europe have demonstrated an astounding myopia prevalence, particularly amongst its young adult population. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Studies performed in United States populations within the last 20 years demonstrate increased prevalence, but the increase is much less than the newest East Asian and European studies have demonstrated. 15 Recent data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey demonstrated an estimated prevalence of myopia to be 33.1% in persons aged 20 years or older from 1999 to 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Prevalence of Myopia in Newly Enlisted Airmen at Joint Base San Antonio</p>

Reed

Ferris

Santamaria

et al. 2020

OPTH

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Prevalence of visual impairment and refractive errors in an urban area of Mexico

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Visual Acuity Among School Children in the Plateau Region of Qinghai, China

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Visual Acuity Among School Children in the Plateau Region of Qinghai, China

Prevalence of Prescription Glasses in the First-Grade Thai Students (7–8 Years Old)

<p>Prevalence of Myopia in Newly Enlisted Airmen at Joint Base San Antonio</p>

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