Prevalence of Y chromosome microdeletion in azoospermia factor subregions among infertile men from West Bengal, India

Abstract

Infertility is a major challenge to reproductive health and the etiology involves both genetic and environmental risk factors. Approximately 15% of couples are infertile across the globe, and the origin of problems is shared almost equally by both the sexes (Poongothai et al., 2009). The problem of male infertility remains unaddressed in Indian society owing to male domination and illogical male chauvinism. Low sperm count is a clinically established cause of infertility among Indian

WITHDRAWN: Insight into Genetic × Epidemiological factors in male infertility: synergistic effect of AZFc partial deletions and habits of smokeless-chewing tobacco

“…Y chromosome microdeletion (YCMDs) is one of the major genetic causes of male infertility and it leads to the quantitative reduction of spermatozoa and causes spermatogenic failure [29][30][31]. We have analysed YCMDs of AZF sub-regions in this population in our previous study [32]. AZFc is a hotspot of structural mutations that cause signi cant spermatogenic impairment in nearly all males.…”

Detection of partial and/or complete Y chromosome microdeletions of azoospermia factor a (AZFa) sub‐region in infertile Iraqi patients with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia

“…In this study, the prevalence of AZFa microdeletions was higher in azoospermia patients than those with severe oligozoospermia. These findings were in agreement with the findings of Dutta et al 27 and in contrast with the results of Elsaid et al 26 Also, in line with our findings, Sha et al 28 from China, Asadi et al 30 from Iran, and Kim et al 31 from Korea, reported higher prevalence of AZFa microdeletions in patients with azoospermia than in those with oligozoospermia. Although in this study, AZFa microdeletion was found in both groups, but in previous studies from Egypt, 16 , 32 India, 27 China, 29 Iran, 30 and Korea, 31 it was identified only in the azoospermia patients, which was contrary to this research.…”

“…25 However, in a study from Sudan, the most frequent microdeletion was found in the AZFa region (11 out of 30 patients, 71.4%), followed by the AZFc ( n = 4) and the AZFb ( n = 3). 26 Dutta et al 27 from India found the AZFa microdeletions in 4.2% of infertile patients that was lower than our results.…”

“…These findings were in line with previous studies from Sudan 26 and India. 27 Also, in this study, the AZFa microdeletion in infertile males was not associated with the previous history of psychological stress or drug consumption. However, the infertile and control groups differed significantly in their histories of psychological stress and pharmaceutical consumption.…”

“…The diversity of these results may be due to different numbers of STS primers being used to diagnose microdeletions, differences in the targeted criteria used for recruitment of infertile patients, different methodologies used to determine the frequencies, the size of the study samples, environmental influences, and the fact that the studies were carried out on diverse ethnic populations. 12 , 25 , 27 …”