Prevalence of Zygomatic Air Cell Defect in adults—A retrospective panoramic radiographic analysis

Patil, Karthikeya; Mahima, VG; Malleshi, Suchetha N; Srikanth, HS

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.01.081

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the present analysis, approximately 2/3 rd of the ZACDs were unilateral and 1/3 rd were bilateral, which is in accordance with Patil et al, Asieh Zamaninaser et al, Friedrich et al, [2,7,9] 32 were unilateral and 8 were bilateral in a study conducted by Carter et al, [1]. As compared to a study conducted by Parker et al, 24 cases of ZACD (77.4%) were unilateral and seven cases (22.6%) were bilateral [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The results are not consistent with study conducted by Carter et al, Patil et al, Hofmann et al, Asieh Zamaninaser et al, [1,2,8,9]. The variation in the prevalence of ZACD can be due to the difference in the sample size, population studied and methodology.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…In a study by Patil et al, ZACD showed the number of males were twice as common as compared to females [2]. In the studies conducted by Asieh Zamaninaser et al, and Friedrich et al, there was female predominance of ZACDs [7,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It presents as an asymptomatic, non expansile, non destructive radioluceny on radiographs [3]. Recognition of normal anatomy as well as pathologies can be performed effectively with the utilization of widely used imaging modality that is panoramic radiography as it gives more extensive delineation of oro-facial area [2]. On the basis of radiographic appearance on panaromic radiograph there are three types of ZACD: 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the major paranasal sinuses, air cells may arise singly or in clusters in numerous locations in the skull, including the temporal bone [1]. The nomenclature ZACD is used to denote accessory air cells observed in the zygomatic process of maxilla and articular eminence of the temporal bone, which simulate mastoid air cells [2]. It presents as an asymptomatic, non expansile, non destructive radioluceny on radiographs [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Zygomatic Air Cell Defect using Orthopantomogram

Kishore

Panat

Kishore³

et al. 2015

JCDR

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INTRODUCTIONPneumatization is the formation of air cavities in bone. Apart from the major paranasal sinuses, air cells may arise singly or in clusters in numerous locations in the skull, including the temporal bone [1]. The nomenclature ZACD is used to denote accessory air cells observed in the zygomatic process of maxilla and articular eminence of the temporal bone, which simulate mastoid air cells [2]. It presents as an asymptomatic, non expansile, non destructive radioluceny on radiographs [3]. Recognition of normal anatomy as well as pathologies can be performed effectively with the utilization of widely used imaging modality that is panoramic radiography as it gives more extensive delineation of oro-facial area [2]. On the basis of radiographic appearance on panaromic radiograph there are three types of ZACD: 1. Unilocular type, 2. Multilocular type, 3. Trabecular type. Unilocular type of ZACD presents as radiolucency with well defined borders, whereas multilocular type appears as numerous small cavities within, which resemble mastoid air cells. The third variety is trabecular type which appears as multilocular entity with internal bony striations [1]. At the point when ZACDs have been exhibited preoperatively on a radiograph, these may be contraindications to perform surgical strategies, for example, eminoplasty or eminectomy for the treatment of mandibular dislocations as they get to be potential pathways for intracranial infections [3].The area of research that is the prevalence of ZACD in North Indian population is under investigated till date and presently has a limited empirical knowledge base. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ZACD amongst North Indian population and also to establish the dominant location and type. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present study material comprised of 2500 panoramic radiographs of patients aged between 19 and 78 years, who visited Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology during the period of January 2009 to December 2013. All radiographs were obtained with Gendex Orthoralix 9200 (America) DDE Digital Pan/Ceph System panoramic radiographic machine operating at 65-80 kVp, 10 mA and 16 s. Cases in which the zygomatic arch was not adequately displayed for anatomical or technical reasons were excluded from the sample and did not constitute part of the sample. All persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in a study. All patients had no severe bone disease including tumor, cyst or fracture. Selection criteria for the acquisition of panoramic radiographs included caries, pain, missing or supernumerary teeth, mixed dentition analysis, periodontal disease, third molar extraction, extensive restorative dental procedures, prosthodontic evaluation, orthodontic evaluation and TMJ problems. Subsequently, ZACDs were classified depending on: (1) age and gender, (2) the location: unilateral or bilateral and (3) the appearance: unilocular or multilocular. Radiographs were examined in subdued ambient lighting using transmitted light fr...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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