Aim:The aim of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of three rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems (Twisted Files [TF], HyFlex controlled memory [CM], and Wave One [WO]) in curved root canals using computed tomography (CT).Materials and Methods:Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth having curved root canals with at least 25–35 degrees of curvature were selected. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of twenty each. After preparation with TF, HyFlex CM, and WO, all teeth were scanned using CT to determine the root canal shape. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were obtained at three levels, 3 mm apical, 9 mm middle, and 15 mm coronal above the apical foramen were compared using CT software. Amount of transportation and centering ability were assessed. The three groups were statistically compared with analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test.Results:Least apical transportation and higher centering ability were seen in HyFlex CM file system in all the three sections followed by TF. WO file system showed maximum transportation.Conclusions:The canal preparation with HyFlex CM file system showed lesser transportation and better centering ability than TF, WO file system.

INTRODUCTIONPneumatization is the formation of air cavities in bone. Apart from the major paranasal sinuses, air cells may arise singly or in clusters in numerous locations in the skull, including the temporal bone [1]. The nomenclature ZACD is used to denote accessory air cells observed in the zygomatic process of maxilla and articular eminence of the temporal bone, which simulate mastoid air cells [2]. It presents as an asymptomatic, non expansile, non destructive radioluceny on radiographs [3]. Recognition of normal anatomy as well as pathologies can be performed effectively with the utilization of widely used imaging modality that is panoramic radiography as it gives more extensive delineation of oro-facial area [2]. On the basis of radiographic appearance on panaromic radiograph there are three types of ZACD: 1. Unilocular type, 2. Multilocular type, 3. Trabecular type. Unilocular type of ZACD presents as radiolucency with well defined borders, whereas multilocular type appears as numerous small cavities within, which resemble mastoid air cells. The third variety is trabecular type which appears as multilocular entity with internal bony striations [1]. At the point when ZACDs have been exhibited preoperatively on a radiograph, these may be contraindications to perform surgical strategies, for example, eminoplasty or eminectomy for the treatment of mandibular dislocations as they get to be potential pathways for intracranial infections [3].The area of research that is the prevalence of ZACD in North Indian population is under investigated till date and presently has a limited empirical knowledge base. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ZACD amongst North Indian population and also to establish the dominant location and type. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present study material comprised of 2500 panoramic radiographs of patients aged between 19 and 78 years, who visited Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology during the period of January 2009 to December 2013. All radiographs were obtained with Gendex Orthoralix 9200 (America) DDE Digital Pan/Ceph System panoramic radiographic machine operating at 65-80 kVp, 10 mA and 16 s. Cases in which the zygomatic arch was not adequately displayed for anatomical or technical reasons were excluded from the sample and did not constitute part of the sample. All persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in a study. All patients had no severe bone disease including tumor, cyst or fracture. Selection criteria for the acquisition of panoramic radiographs included caries, pain, missing or supernumerary teeth, mixed dentition analysis, periodontal disease, third molar extraction, extensive restorative dental procedures, prosthodontic evaluation, orthodontic evaluation and TMJ problems. Subsequently, ZACDs were classified depending on: (1) age and gender, (2) the location: unilateral or bilateral and (3) the appearance: unilocular or multilocular. Radiographs were examined in subdued ambient lighting using transmitted light fr...

Trauma may result in craze lines on the enamel surface, one or more fractured cusps of posterior teeth, cracked tooth syndrome, splitting of posterior teeth, and vertical fracture of root. Out of these, management of some fractures is of great challenge and such teeth are generally recommended for extraction. Literature search reveals attempts to manage such fractures by full cast crown, orthodontic wires, and so forth, in which consideration was given to extracoronal splinting only. However, due to advancement in materials and technologies, intracoronal splinting can be achieved as well. In this case report, longitudinal fractures in tooth #27, tooth #37, and tooth #46 had occurred. In #27, fracture line was running mesiodistally involving the pulpal floor resulting in a split tooth. In teeth 37 and 46, fractures of the mesiobuccal cusp and mesiolingual cusp were observed, respectively. They were restored with cast gold inlay and full cast crown, respectively. Longitudinal fracture of 27 was treated with an innovative approach using intracanal reinforced composite with Ribbond, external reinforcement with an orthodontic band, and full cast metal crown to splint the split tooth.

BackgroundRead alignment and transcript assembly are the core of RNA-seq analysis for transcript isoform discovery. Nonetheless, current tools are not designed to be scalable for analysis of full-length bulk or single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data. The previous version of our cloud-based tool Falco only focuses on RNA-seq read counting, but does not allow for more flexible steps such as alignment and read assembly.ResultsThe Falco framework can harness the parallel and distributed computing environment in modern cloud platforms to accelerate read alignment and transcript assembly of full-length bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq data. There are two new modes in Falco: alignment-only and transcript assembly. In the alignment-only mode, Falco can speed up the alignment process by 2.5–16.4x based on two public scRNA-seq datasets when compared to alignment on a highly optimised standalone computer. Furthermore, it also provides a 10x average speed-up compared to alignment using published cloud-enabled tool for read alignment, Rail-RNA. In the transcript assembly mode, Falco can speed up the transcript assembly process by 1.7–16.5x compared to performing transcript assembly on a highly optimised computer.ConclusionFalco is a significantly updated open source big data processing framework that enables scalable and accelerated alignment and assembly of full-length scRNA-seq data on the cloud. The source code can be found at https://github.com/VCCRI/Falco.

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