Prevalência de diagnóstico auto-referido de osteoporose, Brasil, 2006

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis (with previous medical diagnosis) and the associated risk and protection factors. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was carried out, based on data from the system Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL -telephone-based surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases). A total of 54,369 individuals aged ≥ 18 years living in homes served by at least one fi xed telephone line in Brazilian state capitals and the federal district in 2006 were interviewed. Estimates of osteoporosis in relation to socioeconomic and behavioral factors and the body mass index were stratifi ed according to sex. The risk of occurrence of osteoporosis was calculated for each variable separately and through a multivariate model, taking the odds ratio to be a proxy for the prevalence ratio. RESULTS:The reported prevalence of osteoporosis was 4.4%, predominantly among women (7.0%) ≥ 45 years of age whose marital status was not single and who were former smokers. Among men, age > 65 years, married or widowed status and sedentarism were positively associated with this outcome. CONCLUSIONS:Among the factors associated with osteoporosis, modifi able characteristics relating to disease prevention were highlighted, such as physical activity and smoking habits. The aging of the Brazilian population is refl ected in the current total of more than 16 million individuals over the age of 60 years. This number is projected to exceed 50 million in 2050. DESCRIPTORS:a Consequently, the chances of occurrences of age-related diseases among the population, such as osteoporosis, are increasing.Racial and genetic, anthropometric, sociocultural, economic, nutritional and lifestyle differences, along with the way in which public healthcare resources are used in different countries around the world, contribute towards explaining the divergences in the incidence and prevalence of osteoporosis.A survey conducted in Latin America estimated that the prevalence of osteoporosis in the vertebrae was between 12% and 18% and in the proximal femur, between 8% and 22%, among women over the age of 50 years.9 Clark et al 6 estimated a prevalence of vertebral fractures of 11.2% in a random sample of 1,922 women over the age of 50 years, in fi ve Latin American countries, including Brazil.In São Paulo, in a study on 301 individuals over the age of 70 years, the prevalence of osteoporosis was found to be between 22% and 33% among women and between 6% and 16% among men.3 Among the risk factors most associated with low bone density, advanced age, low consumption of dairy products and daily consumption of alcoholic drinks have been highlighted. On the other hand, high body mass index (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) and daily physical activity lasting more than 30 minutes perform a protective role. b However, the prevalence of osteoporosis and factors associated with it among the Brazilian population have not been fully clarifi ed.The aim of the pres...

Resultados do monitoramento dos Fatores de risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis nas capitais brasileiras por inquérito telefônico, 2008

“…In addition, there was higher frequency of diagnosis of arterial hypertension in individuals with a lower level of education, as observed in other studies 25 . Data from the 2008 VIGITEL survey corroborate previous studies which have shown that osteoporosis primarily affects women after menopause and those with a lower level of education 26,27 . High alcohol use is described as a risk factor for hypertension, cirrhosis, cerebrovascular accident, and pharynx, larynx, esophagus and liver cancer.…”

Osteoporose e Expectativa de Vida Saudável: estimativas para o Brasil em 2008

“…Contuto, mesmo considerando o efeito da seleção pela mortalidade masculina, dado o grande diferencial nas prevalências, acredita-se que essas possam ser atribuídas principalmente às questões relacionadas à constituição corporal feminina, como as alterações hormonais pós-menopausa. [35][36][37] . Assim, as mulheres seriam mais acometidas por essa enfermidade, demandando atenção.…”

Usuários de planos de saúde: morbidade referida e uso de exames preventivos, por inquérito telefônico, Brasil, 2008

“…A maior freqüência nas usuárias de planos de saúde, mesmo após ajuste de idade e escolaridade, poderia também ser explicada pela maior oportunidade de diagnóstico e não prevalência real 40 .…”

“…As operadoras de planos de saúde -empresas que estruturam, gerenciam e comercializam planos de saúde -atuam no Brasil desde a déca-da de 40. Daquela época até o final dos anos 90, houve baixa interferência do Estado na dinâmica de funcionamento do mercado, especialmente no que se refere aos modelos da atenção à saúde.…”