Prevenar™ vaccination: Review of the global data, 2006

Abstract

The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Prevenar, was first licensed in the United States in 2000 for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by the serotypes included in the vaccine. It is presently approved in more than 70 countries, and more than 100 million doses of vaccine have been distributed to date. Within 1 year of routine use in the US, incidence of vaccine-serotype IPD had fallen dramatically among children younger than 2 years, with indirect effects noted among other age groups as well. The most recent data available from the US demonstrates that vaccine-serotype IPD has declined by 94% among the age group recommended for vaccination, and indirect effects have been documented in every unvaccinated age group, including among neonates and young infants. Additionally, declines in other pneumococcal-associated respiratory tract diseases have been reported, highlighting the extended benefits of a Prevenar vaccination program. Subsequently, the vaccine has been introduced into the national immunization programs of several other countries, including Canada, Australia, and The Netherlands. While an increase in disease caused by serotypes not included in the vaccine has been observed ("replacement disease"), the overall impact of this increase has, to date, been small in comparison to the substantial reduction in overall disease burden that has resulted since Prevenar introduction.

Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with acute otitis media treatment failure

“…This is higher than the previously reported number of cases of AOM that were bacteria-positive in children who had also received prior oral antibiotic therapy (i.e. 48 and 53À58% reported by Intakorn et al [15] and Li et al [16], respectively). We could not identify the causative agent of the AOM in the remaining 34% of children in our study because thorough diagnostic testing on a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens was limited with the small amount of MEF obtained.…”

“…amoxicillin, clindamycin, cefuroxime and erythromycin) was unsuccessful in many children in our study. Such treatment failures may be due to using too small of a dose of the antibiotic, using the antibiotic for too short of a period, poor antibiotic penetration to the middle ear space due to thick purulent secretion in this space, or the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, as reported previously [15,22]. Indeed, up-to-date information on antibiotic resistance has important clinical implications for determining the best AOM treatment approach [22].…”

Serum IgM Antibodies Contribute to High Levels of Opsonophagocytic Activities in Toddlers Immunized with a Single Dose of the 9-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

“…The 7-valent PCV (PCV7) was the first PCV introduced into the routine infant and toddler immunization programs (5). WHO has established recommendations to assure the quality, safety, and efficacy of PCVs in infants (26).…”

Immunization of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with antitumor necrosis factorα therapy and methotrexate

“…The negative side effects of Prevenar are a small increase in the number of pneumococcal infections caused by nonvaccine serotypes and higher costs [23]. Adverse event rates for Prevenar are similar to those for other routinely recommended vaccines [24 ].…”