Preventing Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders: Overview of Systematic Reviews

Bennett, Kathryn; Manassis, Katharina; Duda, Stephanie; Bagnell, Alexa; Bernstein, Gail A.; Garland, Elizabeth; Miller, Lynn D.; Newton, Amanda S; Thabane, Lehana; Wilansky, Pamela

doi:10.1002/da.22400

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…But importantly it can also be decreased by cognitive-behavioral (Barlow et al, 2013; Bennett et al, 2015; Mihalopoulos et al, 2015) and pharmacological interventions for anxiety and depression (Barlow et al, 2013; Soskin, Carl, Alpert, & Fava, 2012), raising the possibility of developing strategies for identifying high-risk individuals and preventing the onset of more severe sequelae. Identifying the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms governing the malleability of temperament is a particularly important avenue for future research, one that promises to provide new targets for intervention (A.…”

Section: The Nature and Consequences Of Elevated Dispositional Negatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective.

Shackman¹,

Tromp²,

Stockbridge³

et al. 2016

Psychological Bulletin

210

208

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Dispositional negativity—the propensity to experience and express more frequent, intense, or enduring negative affect—is a fundamental dimension of childhood temperament and adult personality. Elevated levels of dispositional negativity can have profound consequences for health, wealth, and happiness, drawing the attention of clinicians, researchers, and policy makers. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the psychological and neurobiological processes linking stable individual differences in dispositional negativity to momentary emotional states. Self-report data suggest that three key pathways—increased stressor reactivity, tonic increases in negative affect, and increased stressor exposure—explain most of the heightened negative affect that characterizes individuals with a more negative disposition. Of these three pathways, tonically elevated, indiscriminate negative affect appears to be most central to daily life and most relevant to the development of psychopathology. New behavioral and biological data provide insights into the neural systems underlying these three pathways and motivate the hypothesis that seemingly ‘tonic’ increases in negative affect may actually reflect increased reactivity to stressors that are remote, uncertain, or diffuse. Research focused on humans, monkeys, and rodents suggests that this indiscriminate negative affect reflects trait-like variation in the activity and connectivity of several key brain regions, including the central extended amygdala and parts of the prefrontal cortex. Collectively, these observations provide an integrative psychobiological framework for understanding the dynamic cascade of processes that bind emotional traits to emotional states and, ultimately, to emotional disorders and other kinds of adverse outcomes.

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Section: The Nature and Consequences Of Elevated Dispositional Negatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective.

Shackman¹,

Tromp²,

Stockbridge³

et al. 2016

Psychological Bulletin

210

208

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, exposure to more frequent negative life events (e.g., death of an immediate family member or friend, academic expulsion, running away) between the ages of 11 and 16 is associated with elevated levels of dispositional negativity in Dutch adolescents ( n = 1,197; Laceulle et al, 2011). Conversely, there is growing evidence that cognitive-behavioral (Barlow et al, 2013; Bennett et al, 2015; Mihalopoulos et al, 2015) and pharmacological interventions for anxiety and depression (Barlow et al, 2013; Knutson et al, 1998; Soskin, Carl, Alpert, & Fava, 2012) can produce lasting reductions in dispositional negativity. This plasticity raises the possibility of developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies (Barlow, Ellard, Sauer-Zavala, Bullis, & Carl, 2014; Barlow et al, 2013; Bennett et al, 2015; Chronis-Tuscano et al, 2015; Hudson & Fraley, 2015; Magidson, Roberts, Collado-Rodriguez, & Lejuez, 2014; Mihalopoulos et al, 2015).…”

Section: Elevated Dispositional Negativity Confers Heightened Risk Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurobiology of Dispositional Negativity and Attentional Biases to Threat: Implications for Understanding Anxiety Disorders in Adults and Youth

Shackman

Stockbridge

Tillman

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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When extreme, anxiety can become debilitating. Anxiety disorders, which often first emerge early in development, are common and challenging to treat, yet the neurocognitive mechanisms that confer increased risk have only recently begun to come into focus. Here we review recent work highlighting the importance of neural circuits centered on the amygdala. We begin by describing dispositional negativity, a core dimension of childhood temperament and adult personality and an important risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders and other kinds of stress-sensitive psychopathology. Converging lines of epidemiological, neurophysiological, and mechanistic evidence indicate that the amygdala supports stable individual differences in dispositional negativity across the lifespan and contributes to the etiology of anxiety disorders in adults and youth. Hyper-vigilance and attentional biases to threat are prominent features of the anxious phenotype and there is growing evidence that they contribute to the development of psychopathology. Anatomical studies show that the amygdala is a hub, poised to govern attention to threat via projections to sensory cortex and ascending neuromodulatory systems. Imaging and lesion studies demonstrate that the amygdala plays a key role in selecting and prioritizing the processing of threat-related cues. Collectively, these observations provide a neurobiologically-grounded framework for understanding the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders in adults and youth and set the stage for developing improved intervention strategies.

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“…However, existing methodological guidance on this topic is conflicting [7]. One potential solution proposed by researchers [7] and employed by overview authors [11–18] is to use the results of methodological quality assessments to identify and exclude SRs with gross deficiencies in conduct and/or reporting that would be difficult to include and use in overviews. However, using results of quality assessments to inform inclusion decisions may introduce bias if the results and conclusions of these SRs differ systematically from other well-conducted and reported SRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of AMSTAR to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews in overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions

Pollock

Fernandes

Hartling

2017

BMC Med Res Methodol

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BackgroundOverviews of reviews (overviews) compile information from multiple systematic reviews (SRs) to provide a single synthesis of relevant evidence for decision-making. It is recommended that authors assess and report the methodological quality of SRs in overviews—for example, using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Currently, there is variation in whether and how overview authors assess and report SR quality, and limited guidance is available. Our objectives were to: examine methodological considerations involved in using AMSTAR to assess the quality of Cochrane and non-Cochrane SRs in overviews of healthcare interventions; identify challenges (and develop potential decision rules) when using AMSTAR in overviews; and examine the potential impact of considering methodological quality when making inclusion decisions in overviews.MethodsWe selected seven overviews of healthcare interventions and included all SRs meeting each overview’s inclusion criteria. For each SR, two reviewers independently conducted AMSTAR assessments with consensus and discussed challenges encountered. We also examined the correlation between AMSTAR assessments and SR results/conclusions.ResultsNinety-five SRs were included (30 Cochrane, 65 non-Cochrane). Mean AMSTAR assessments (9.6/11 vs. 5.5/11; p < 0.001) and inter-rater reliability (AC1 statistic: 0.84 vs. 0.69; “almost perfect” vs. “substantial” using the Landis & Koch criteria) were higher for Cochrane compared to non-Cochrane SRs. Four challenges were identified when applying AMSTAR in overviews: the scope of the SRs and overviews often differed; SRs examining similar topics sometimes made different methodological decisions; reporting of non-Cochrane SRs was sometimes poor; and some non-Cochrane SRs included other SRs as well as primary studies. Decision rules were developed to address each challenge. We found no evidence that AMSTAR assessments were correlated with SR results/conclusions.ConclusionsResults indicate that the AMSTAR tool can be used successfully in overviews that include Cochrane and non-Cochrane SRs, though decision rules may be useful to circumvent common challenges. Findings support existing recommendations that quality assessments of SRs in overviews be conducted independently, in duplicate, with a process for consensus. Results also suggest that using methodological quality to guide inclusion decisions (e.g., to exclude poorly conducted and reported SRs) may not introduce bias into the overview process.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0325-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Preventing Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders: Overview of Systematic Reviews

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective.

Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective.

The Neurobiology of Dispositional Negativity and Attentional Biases to Threat: Implications for Understanding Anxiety Disorders in Adults and Youth

Evaluation of AMSTAR to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews in overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions

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