Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance

Koplan, Jeffrey P.; Liverman, Catharyn T.; Kraak, Vivica A.

doi:10.1037/e407782005-001

Cited by 597 publications

(574 citation statements)

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“…Although we had a lack of environmental information such as food supply and access to parks, we could identify an association between RMC and areas with certain sociodemographic characteristics which corroborates the consensus reported by the US Institute of Medicine (14) stating that the environmental factors play a role and that environmental solutions are required to address the epidemic of obesity (15) . In this direction, it is noted also that the nutritional environment has been investigated in order to deepen the understanding of the widespread prevalence of obesity, including the study of local availability, access to health food and environmental conditions (42)(43)(44)(45) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Spatial distribution of the risk for metabolic complications: an application in south-east Brazil, 2006–2007

Nucci

Zangirolani

Mafra

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To identify spatial variation in the risk for metabolic complications (RMC) by means of a semi-parametric approach for multinomial data. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: We visited 730 households selected in the first of a two-stage sample in South health district in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, 2006-2007. Subjects: We interviewed 651 individuals and obtained their respective anthropometric measures and geographical coordinates of their house location. They were classified according to a combination of BMI and abdominal circumference as having no risk, increased, high or very high RMC. Results: Gender, age and schooling were associated with RMC. Crude spatial risk for the three levels of RMC in relation to the absence of risk suggested different patterns in each level. Adjusted spatial risk for the RMC showed smaller significant areas, but the pattern remained similar to crude risk. Conclusions: Spatial point analysis with a multinomial approach improves the understanding of differences in RMC found, as we could identify specific areas in which to intervene. The public health significance of these findings may lie in the additional evidence provided that spatial location and its features can influence patterns of RMC. Keywords Obesity Epidemiology Spatial risk Metabolic complicationsThe recent increase in the prevalence of obesity is widely recognized as constituting a major threat to health in most countries as obesity has reached epidemic proportions (4) . In Brazil in 2002-2003, the prevalence was 8?9 % for men and 13?1 % for women (5) . Although developed countries present higher levels of obesity, developing countries also show increasing overweight prevalence, mainly as a consequence of the nutrition transition they are experiencing (6) . Brazil has continental dimensions and inequality is present all over the country. Trends show a shift in the prevalence from the higher to the lower socio-economic level in Brazil (7) and this change has contributed to the coexistence of an overweight person with an underweight person in the same household, called the 'dual burden' of disease (8)(9)(10) .The number of studies on obesity has increased significantly in the last decade, mainly due to the high risk that this condition leads to patients with other chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension (11)(12)(13) . Although several individual-level risk factors for obesity have been identified, population rates of obesity are determined by a complex interplay of biological, social, environmental, behavioural and cultural factors, which collectively have created over decades an adverse environment for maintaining a healthy weight. A comprehensive understanding of how these factors interact is currently lacking (14,15) . Age, sex, socio-economic status, sedentary lifestyle and co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension have traditionally been studied as risk factors for overweight or obesity. However, investigations on the risk of obesity and its association with factors other than...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Spatial distribution of the risk for metabolic complications: an application in south-east Brazil, 2006–2007

Nucci

Zangirolani

Mafra

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Although the benefits of participation in interscholastic sports are well documented [15][16][17], questions remain about whether an exclusive interscholastic sport model best meets the needs of all students [18]. Of particular concern is whether such policies limit opportunities for students in higher risk groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More inclusive alternative policies and programs for school-based sport, such as intramurals and club sports that focus on participation rather than competition, have been recommended by both the Institute of Medicine [18] and the National Association for Sport and Physical Education [19]. These alternatives facilitate opportunities for more children to participate in sport and introduce children from diverse backgrounds to a wider variety of sports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a recent study found that intramurals are associated with higher physical activity levels than interscholastic sports for boys [20]. Furthermore, exposure to different types of sports nurtures a sense of competence and enjoyment that last beyond a child's school years [18] and can set adult lifestyle patterns [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most research on school sport participation has focused on high school level athletics (ages [15][16][17][18] [28]. However, little is known about sport participation patterns among adolescents in middle schools [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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School Sport Participation Under Two School Sport Policies: Comparisons by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

et al. 2012

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Background School-based extracurricular sport remains an effective strategy to increase physical activity. However, school sport is often limited to a small number of elite athletes. Few schools provide more inclusive sport programs that offer a wider array of activities regardless of ability. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine school sport participation in middle schools (ages 11-14) with contrasting school sport delivery strategies (intramural vs. interscholastic). Methods Data were obtained through an online survey administered to students at four public middle schools (grades 6-8) in a southeastern US city (n02,582). Results More students participated in school sports at intramural schools. Boys were more likely to participate in afterschool sports at intramural schools. Low-income and Black children, two groups at greater risk of physical inactivity and other negative outcomes, had greater participation in intramural programs. Conclusions After-school intramural sports in middle school is a promising strategy for increasing sport participation.

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Validation and Comparison of a Novel Screening Guideline for Kidney Disease: KEEPing SCORED

Bang

Mazumdar²,

Kern³

et al. 2008

Arch Intern Med

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Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance

Cited by 597 publications

References 0 publications

Spatial distribution of the risk for metabolic complications: an application in south-east Brazil, 2006–2007

Spatial distribution of the risk for metabolic complications: an application in south-east Brazil, 2006–2007

School Sport Participation Under Two School Sport Policies: Comparisons by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

Validation and Comparison of a Novel Screening Guideline for Kidney Disease: KEEPing SCORED

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