Preventing Foodborne Illness: E. coli “The Big Six”

Bertoldi, Bruna; Richardson, Susanna; Goodrich-Schneider, Renée M.; Kurdmongkolthan, Ploy; Schneider, Keith R.

doi:10.32473/edis-fs233-2018

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although previously not recognized as a major cause of gastrointestinal (GI) illness in England, globally STEC belonging to serogroup O145 are among the six most commonly detected serogroups. The 'big six' serogroups, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145, are described by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the six key non-O157 serogroups of STEC causing severe illness in humans [19]. STEC O145:H28 has been detected in the animal reservoir [20][21][22] and food [23,24], and has been identified as the causative agent of a number of outbreaks [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli clonal complex 32, including serotype O145:H28, in the UK and Ireland

Rodwell

Chan²,

Sawyer

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 has been the most clinically significant STEC serotype in the UK for over four decades. Over the last 10 years we have observed a decrease in STEC O157:H7 and an increase in non-O157 STEC serotypes, such as O145:H28. Gap Statement. Little is known about the microbiology and epidemiology of STEC belonging to CC32 (including O145:H28) in the UK. The aim of this study was to integrate genomic data with patient information to gain a better understanding of the virulence, disease severity, epidemic risk assessment and population structure of this clinically significant clonal complex. Methodology. Isolates of E. coli belonging to CC32 (n=309) in the archives of public health agencies in the UK and Ireland were whole-genome-sequenced, virulence-profiled and integrated with enhanced surveillance questionnaire (ESQ) data, including exposures and disease severity. Results. Overall, diagnoses of STEC belonging to CC32 (290/309, 94 %) in the UK have increased every year since 2014. Most cases were female (61 %), and the highest proportion of cases belonged to the 0–4 age group (53/211,25 %). The frequency of symptoms of diarrhoea (92 %), abdominal pain (84 %), blood in stool (71 %) and nausea (51 %) was similar to that reported in cases of STEC O157:H7, although cases of STEC CC32 were more frequently admitted to hospital (STEC CC32 48 % vs O157:H7 34 %) and/or developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) (STEC CC32 9 % vs O157:H7 4 %). The majority of STEC isolates (268/290, 92 %) had the stx2a/eae virulence gene combination, most commonly associated with progression to STEC HUS. There was evidence of person-to-person transmission and small, temporally related, geographically dispersed outbreaks, characteristic of foodborne outbreaks linked to nationally distributed products. Conclusion. We recommend more widespread use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of all STEC serogroups, the development of consistent strategies for the follow-up testing of PCR-positive faecal specimens, the implementation of more comprehensive and standardized collection of epidemiological data, and routine sharing of sequencing data between public health agencies worldwide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli clonal complex 32, including serotype O145:H28, in the UK and Ireland

Rodwell

Chan²,

Sawyer

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Therefore, based on the availability of O157:H7 prevalence data relative to Generic E. coli , in the baseline scenario, we focus on E. coli O157:H7 (Muniesa et al 2006; Ottoson et al 2011; Pang et al 2017). However, foodborne illnesses can also be caused by other pathogens such as E. coli O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 (Bertoldi et al 2018). We vary ( R ) in the sensitivity analysis to examine how water pathogenicity affects optimal water quality standard.…”

Section: Empirical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminated water and the Food Safety Modernization Act

Bahalou Horeh,

Elbakidze,

Taylor

2023

Agric. Resour. Econom. Rev.

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We develop a theoretical framework and presents a corresponding empirical analysis of the Food and Drug Administration’s irrigation water quality regulatory standard under the Food Safety Modernization Act using lettuce as a case study. We develop a stochastic price endogenous partial equilibrium model with recourse to examine the standard’s efficacy under various scenarios of foodborne illness severity, standard implementation, demand response to foodborne outbreaks, and irrigation costs. The stringency of regulation is evaluated with endogenous producer response to regulatory requirements and corresponding implications for economic surplus. The baseline results show that in the case of the lettuce market, the proposed microbial irrigation water quality regulation in the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) is not cost effective relative to the existing Leafy-Greens Marketing Agreements relying on water treatment for mitigation of microbial contamination. However, FSMA can be cost effective if water treatment is sufficiently expensive.

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“…The most prevalent serotype identified in our study was E. coli O65:H38, with 12 identified isolates, all of which were collected during spring. Of the total E. coli isolates, only two were found to be a part of the "Big 6," including O26 (SAMN28816604) and O45 (SAMN23828792) (10). Each isolate was however sourced from two different ponds during different seasons: O26 was isolated during spring and O45 during summer.…”

Section: Isolate Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates from Agricultural Water on Kansas and Missouri Fresh Produce Farms by Whole-Genome Sequencing

Trinetta¹

2023

FPT

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Contaminated agricultural water has been a source of pathogenic Escherichia coli in recent produce-related outbreaks. The purpose of this study was to characterize E. coli isolates from agricultural water sources by using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to better understand contamination routes. Groundwater and surface water samples were collected quarterly from five farms in Missouri and Kansas over a 1-year period. Samples were tested for generic E. coli by using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 1603, and presumptive E. coli colonies were isolated. In total, 570 isolates were analyzed by PCR, with 191 of these isolates confirmed as E. coli. WGS was completed using an Illumina MiSeq system. The de novo genome assemblies were obtained with Shovill pipeline version 0.9. The NCBI Pathogen Detection system was used to identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. The prevalence of E. coli was higher during spring and summer than winter. A diverse serotype pool was observed where more than 53% of isolates could be linked to a bovine source as the potential animal host. An AMR analysis showed that 100% of isolates carried at least two antimicrobial resistance genes. Recognizing the diversity of E. coli may help guide agricultural water assessments as proposed in the new agricultural water rule Food Safety Modernization Act Produce Safety Rule.

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Preventing Foodborne Illness: E. coli “The Big Six”

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli clonal complex 32, including serotype O145:H28, in the UK and Ireland

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli clonal complex 32, including serotype O145:H28, in the UK and Ireland

Contaminated water and the Food Safety Modernization Act

Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates from Agricultural Water on Kansas and Missouri Fresh Produce Farms by Whole-Genome Sequencing

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