Preventing Secondary Disasters through Providing Emergency Water Supply

Bross, Lisa; Krause, Steffen

doi:10.1061/9780784480632.035

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Integration of such principles will facilitate implementation of future contingent conservation protocols and further help to identify strategies to meet residual water requirements in case of emergency ( 52 ). Having a clear understanding of the priority of operations and of the initial water demand and minimum daily water requirements is a prerequisite before selecting feasible preparedness measures ( 18 , 20 , 28 , 42 , 47 , 52 ). For example, this can include an evaluation and assessment of each unit or station water use as well as of hospital processes which could be maintained or replaced by waterless alternatives during emergency settings ( 8 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health care facilities, particularly health care facilities whose support is expected in a disaster event, should have a clear understanding of the initial water demand and minimal daily requirements to meet specific facility needs. This is necessary to conceiving appropriate preparatory measures, including water allocation plans and water supply alternatives ( 20 , 21 , 28 , 34 ). Attention was also driven on wastewater management and the need to consider systematic flushing plans in the preparedness, e.g., flushing toilets with non-potable water ( 20 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is necessary to conceiving appropriate preparatory measures, including water allocation plans and water supply alternatives ( 20 , 21 , 28 , 34 ). Attention was also driven on wastewater management and the need to consider systematic flushing plans in the preparedness, e.g., flushing toilets with non-potable water ( 20 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adopting sustained measures to ensure availability of emergency water supply can ease thought appropriate emergency and security legislation ( 28 ). Health care facilities need to be part of the emergency water supply plan of a municipality and considered when planning the distribution of water supply and should prepare according to the emergency water supply plan and capability of the local government ( 20 , 29 ). Likewise, health care facilities and water suppliers should engage one another in their respective service areas to develop effective emergency operation plans for healthcare facilities, for example through regular disaster management meetings or memorandum ( 25 , 28 , 30 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Water supply emergency preparedness and response in health care facilities: A systematic review on international evidence

Heijden

Cassivi

Mayer

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionEnabling health care facilities to deal with impairments or outages of water supply and sewage systems is essential and particularly important in the face of growing risk levels due to climate change and natural hazards. Yet, comprehensive assessments of the existing preparedness and response measures, both in theory and practice, are lacking. The objective of this review is to assess water supply and wastewater management in health care facilities in emergency settings and low-resource contexts. It thereby is a first step toward knowledge transfer across different world regions and/or contexts.MethodA systematic review was performed to identify published articles on the subject using online MEDLINE and Web of Science. The initial searches yielded a total of 1,845 records. Two independent reviewers screened identified records using selection criteria. A total of 39 relevant studies were identified. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize evidence of included studies.ResultsOverall, water supply was far more discussed than wastewater management. Studies on emergency preparedness identified back-up water storage tank, additional pipelines, and underground wells as key sources to supply health care facilities with water during an emergency. In emergency response, bottled of water, followed by in-situ back-up water storage tanks previously installed as part of disaster preparedness measures, and tanker trucks to complete were most used. Questions on how to improve existing technologies, their uptake, but also the supplementation by alternative measures remain unanswered. Only few guidelines and tools on emergency preparedness were identified, while multiple studies formulated theoretical recommendations to guide preparedness. Recovery planning was rarely discussed, despite many studies mentioning the importance of the reconstruction and restoration phases. Literature focus on recovery is mostly on technical aspects, while organizational ones are largely absent. Despite their key role for preparedness and response, citizens and patients' perspectives are hugely underrepresented. This fits into the bigger picture as communication, awareness raising and actor cooperation in general is addressed comparatively little.DiscussionCombining organizational and technical aspects, and intersecting theory and practice will be necessary to address existing gaps. Improving both, preparedness and response, is key to maintaining public health and providing primary care.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Water supply emergency preparedness and response in health care facilities: A systematic review on international evidence

Heijden

Cassivi

Mayer

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An impairment of a water supply system can have far-reaching consequences, particularly with regard to cascading impacts with adverse effects on other CI beyond the local level, which are often difficult to assess (Sitzenfrei et al, 2011). The effects on the water itself can be divided into an influence on the drinking water quality or the drinking water quantity (Bross & Krause, 2017). This applies to every country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health without water? Emergency water supply and minimum supply standards of hospitals in high-income countries using the example of Germany and Austria

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The drinking water supply is a core element of national regulations for normal and emergency supply as well as coping with crisis events. Particularly with regard to the interdependence of critical infrastructures means that water supply failures can have far-reaching consequences and endanger the safety of a society, e.g., by impairing hospital operations. In case of an emergency in the drinking water infrastructure, minimum supply standards, e.g., for patients in hospitals, become important for emergency management during crisis situations. However, wider recognition of this issue is still lacking, particularly in countries facing comparably minor water supply disruptions. Several international agencies provide guideline values for minimum water supply standards for hospitals in case of a disaster. Acknowledging these minimum standards were developed for humanitarian assistance or civil protection, it remains to be analyzed whether these standards apply to disaster management in countries with high water and healthcare supply standards. Based on a literature review of scientific publications and humanitarian guidelines, as well as policies from selected countries, current processes, contents, and shortcomings of emergency water supply planning are assessed. To close the identified gaps, this paper indicates potential improvements for emergency water supply planning in general as well as for supply of hospitals and identifies future fields of research.

show abstract

Sustainability and specifics of fire water sources in new climatic conditions using the example of the Czech Republic

Kavan,

Kročová

2023

Environ Dev Sustain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sufficient fire water for fire protection of an area is of fundamental importance in the security of the state and its infrastructure. Fires cannot be completely prevented, but the consequent damages can be minimized provided that there are enough extinguishing agents to eliminate them. The main and most important current and future extinguishing agent is water. Due to the fact that climate change is ongoing, it can be assumed that many existing natural and multipurpose sources of fire water may not meet the capacity requirements for firefighting, or they will not be available at all. The aim of the scientific approach is to evaluate and specify the availability of fire water in the new climatic conditions using the example of the Czech Republic. Another aim of the article is to characterize the possible shortage of fire water and to propose means by which the maximum effect can be achieved with minimum investment costs, and to ensure the long-term sustainability of natural and multipurpose fire water sources. The analysis of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats was used for the evaluation of the availability of fire water in new climatic conditions. It arises from the results of the article and its broader concept that, despite the current satisfactory situation in fire protection in the Czech Republic regarding fire water, the risks of its shortage are increasing when the climate changes significantly. The lack of fire water will not be nationwide, but most likely only regional.

show abstract

Preventing Secondary Disasters through Providing Emergency Water Supply

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Water supply emergency preparedness and response in health care facilities: A systematic review on international evidence

Water supply emergency preparedness and response in health care facilities: A systematic review on international evidence

Public health without water? Emergency water supply and minimum supply standards of hospitals in high-income countries using the example of Germany and Austria

Sustainability and specifics of fire water sources in new climatic conditions using the example of the Czech Republic

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About