Prevention and control of infections in the home

Embil, John M.; Dyck, Bruno; Plourde, Pierre

doi:10.1503/cmaj.071898

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…E.coli was predominant, but staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumonia, serratia, giardia lamblia and hepatitis A were also found. The importance of these results is emphasised by other studies that suggested a chain of transmission of infection not only from person to person, but from fomites (objects) to people [44,45]. Randle and Fleming [46] supported this concern, finding toys specifically can spread infection between children in healthcare settings.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 82%

“…Microbes such as staphylococcus aureus , including MRSA, can be transmitted by direct contact or through fomites [ 67 ]. Objects such as robots and toys are fomites with potential to form vehicles of microbial transmission [ 44 , 46 ], and therefore should be treated with adequate infection control procedures. Brodie, Biley and Shewring [ 69 ] previously discussed risks of live animals in health and social care, including an MRSA outbreak potentially contributed towards by a cat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial contamination and efficacy of disinfection procedures of companion robots in care homes

et al. 2020

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Background Paro and other robot animals can improve wellbeing for older adults and people with dementia, through reducing depression, agitation and medication use. However, nursing and care staff we contacted expressed infection control concerns. Little related research has been published. We assessed (i) how microbiologically contaminated robot animals become during use by older people within a care home and (ii) efficacy of a cleaning procedure. Methods This study had two stages. In stage one we assessed microbial load on eight robot animals after interaction with four care home residents, and again following cleaning by a researcher. Robot animals provided a range of shell-types, including fur, soft plastic, and solid plastic. Stage two involved a similar process with two robot animals, but a care staff member conducted cleaning. The cleaning process involved spraying with anti-bacterial product, brushing fur-type shells, followed by vigorous top-to-tail cleaning with anti-bacterial wipes on all shell types. Two samples were taken from each of eight robots in stage one and two robots in stage two (20 samples total). Samples were collected using contact plate stamping and evaluated using aerobic colony count and identification (gram stain, colony morphology, coagulase agglutination). Colony counts were measured by colony forming units per square centimetre (CFU/cm 2). Results Most robots acquired microbial loads well above an acceptable threshold of 2.5 CFU/cm 2 following use. The bacteria identified were micrococcus species, coagulase negative staphylococcus, diptheriods, aerobic spore bearers, and staphylococcus aureus, all of which carry risk for human health. For all devices the CFU/cm 2 reduced to well within accepted limits following cleaning by both researcher and care staff member.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial contamination and efficacy of disinfection procedures of companion robots in care homes

et al. 2020

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“…[4] It is noted that infection and cross-infection often occur in the home. [5] Home hygiene is basically about identifying the critical hygiene points and taking precautions to stop the spread of harmful germs. [6]…”

Section: Defining Home Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Home Hygiene and Prevention of Infections

Lai¹,

Kaur²

2020

APJHM

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Health is wealth - a famous proverb that almost everyone has heard of but may not have fully understood its essence. Health comes from maintaining cleanliness and hygiene which starts from home and expands to workplaces and public areas. By practicing hygiene in the home and everyday life settings, it will have impact significantly in reducing the global burden of infectious diseases that kills over 17 million people a year. Mainly caused by microorganisms, infections can easily spread by direct and indirect contact. Common infectious diseases include chickenpox, common cold, malaria and pertussis. These diseases tend to have specific symptoms such as fever, diarrhoea, fatigue and muscle aches. In institutional settings, such as schools and child-cares settings, information relating hand hygiene is routine. However, the home environment is one of the potential sources of transmission of infectious diseases. This situation, of course, needs to be re-evaluated and the promotion of home hygiene should be encouraged. Positive correlation has been found between home hygiene practices and risk of disease transmission in homes where the first line of defence against infectious diseases is cleaning and disinfecting plus maintaining good hand hygiene. But, the implementation for an effective policy to monitor home hygiene is rather complex due to varying determinants of health. In a nutshell, proper home hygiene and cleaning practices lead to reduced risk of spreading infectious diseases. They should form the key issues in the practice of health promotion in the community and institutions.

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“…The foundation of preventive major against viral infection is initiated with the routine practice of using an effective soap/hand sanitizer/rub, personal protective equipment (suitable mask, eye/face protector, and gowns). For instance, the use of antiseptic hand soaps provides a greater reduction in the number of microbes over a short period as compared with regular soaps (15). In addition, alcohol base sanitizer restricts the viral growth by precipitating the surface proteins that break the chain of transmission of coronavirus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Current Interventions for COVID-19 Prevention

Pradhan

Biswasroy

Naik

et al. 2020

Archives of Medical Research

298

229

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The recent outbreak of CoVID-19 is declared as a global public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). A fresh figure of 2268011 positive cases and 155185 death records (till April 18 th 2020) across the worldwide signify the severity of this viral infection. CoVID-19 infection is a pandemic, surface to surface communicable disease with a case fatality rate of 3.4% as estimated by WHO up to March 3 rd 2020. Unfortunately, the current unavailability of an effective antiviral drug and approved vaccine, worsen the situation more critical. Implementation of an effective preventive measure is the only option left to counteract CoVID-19. Further, a retrospective analysis provides evidence that contemplates the decisive role of preventive measures in controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. A statistical surveillance report of WHO reflects, maintaining a coherent infection, prevention and control guideline resulted in a 30% reduction in healthcare-associated infections. The effectiveness of preventive measures completely relies on the strength of surface disinfectants, the composition of hand sanitizer, appropriate material for the manufacture of personal protective equipment (PPE). This review enlightens the various preventive measures such as a suitable selection of surface disinfectants, appropriate hand sanitization, and empowering the PPE that could be a potential intervention to fight against CoVID-19.

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Prevention and control of infections in the home

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Microbial contamination and efficacy of disinfection procedures of companion robots in care homes

Microbial contamination and efficacy of disinfection procedures of companion robots in care homes

Home Hygiene and Prevention of Infections

A Review of Current Interventions for COVID-19 Prevention

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