Prevention and Treatment of Transfusion Reactions

McMichael, Maureen

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0306-7.00062-3

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Adverse transfusion reactions can be divided into immunologic and nonimmunologic reactions, and both have been reported in cats . Reactions may occur with as little as 1 mL of blood, as observed with Cat 2 of this report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Xenotransfusion of anemic cats with blood compatibility issues: pre‐ and posttransfusion laboratory diagnostic and crossmatching studies

Euler

Raj

Mizukami

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background Finding compatible feline blood donors can be challenging. Canine blood has been occasionally used when compatible feline blood was not available in emergency situations. Objectives The study goals were to describe the effects of xenotransfusion in two anemic cats receiving canine blood because of discordant blood types and acute transfusion reaction, respectively, and to report in vitro heterotyping and – crossmatching results between canine and feline blood samples. Material and Methods Blood samples from patients and other cats and dogs were typed, crossmatched, and assessed for alloantibodies using gel, card, and immunochromatographic strip techniques. Results Cat 1 was found to have type AB blood. Cat 2, which experienced an acute transfusion reaction, had type A blood. Neither had detectable alloantibodies against feline RBC. Both cats transiently improved after transfusion with canine blood, however, acute intravascular hemolysis occurred and the PCV rapidly declined. Blood typing post xenotransfusion with DEA 1 strips revealed a positive control band that was absent in feline blood, thus allowing for the identification of transfused canine RBC. Longitudinal assessment revealed that canine RBC could no longer be detected 4 days after xenotransfusion. Major crossmatching (feline plasma with canine RBC) resulted in both positive and negative reactions, depending on the cat. Minor crossmatching results showed mostly incompatibility. Conclusion While both cats survived xenotransfusion, the positive control band on the DEA 1 strip revealed that transfused canine RBC were short-lived, and intravascular hemolysis occurred. Crossmatch results between cats and dogs showed varied incompatibilities, and may not predict transfusion reactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Xenotransfusion of anemic cats with blood compatibility issues: pre‐ and posttransfusion laboratory diagnostic and crossmatching studies

Euler

Raj

Mizukami

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…In these cases, emergency treatment including epinephrine and IV fluid therapy may be indicated, and the transfusion should not be restarted. 14 The objective of this study was to describe the population receiving PP in a 2-year period in a private referral hospital and report the incidence of TR. A secondary objective was to identify whether the incidence of TR was higher when non-blood type-matched plasma was administered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, severe TR may occur but are more rare than mild and moderate reactions and are manifested by signs such as tachypnea and signs related to hypovolemic or distributive shock (eg, collapse, tachycardia, hypotension, fever). In these cases, emergency treatment including epinephrine and IV fluid therapy may be indicated, and the transfusion should not be restarted 14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indications for use and complications associated with canine plasma products in 170 patients

Santo-Domingo¹,

Lewis²

2021

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objectives To describe a population of dogs receiving canine plasma products (PP), report the incidence of transfusion reactions (TR), and to identify whether this is higher when non–type‐matched plasma is administered. Design Retrospective study conducted on dogs receiving canine PP between March 2016 and January 2018. Setting Private referral hospital with first opinion emergency clinic. Animals One hundred and ninety‐four privately owned dogs identified from the clinic electronic medical record system that received at least 1 unit of canine PP during the study period; 25 patients were excluded due to incomplete records. Interventions None. Measurements and main results A search of computerized records was performed, identifying any patients that received canine PP between 2016 and 2018; clinical notes were examined to identify the number and type of TR associated. One hundred and sixty‐nine cases were included in the study, receiving a total of 412 PP transfusions. Reactions were noted in 4% (17/412) of transfusions administered, with the vast majority being mild in nature. Of the TR identified, a greater proportion were in type‐matched PP transfusions than non–type‐matched, although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.7989). The number of dogs suffering a TR was higher (13%) when multiple units of plasma were administered than if only 1 unit was transfused (5%), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.1161). Transfusion reactions were more likely to occur when packed red blood cells were also administered, although this was also not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Conclusion Administration of canine plasma products appears to be a safe procedure that carries a low risk of transfusion reactions. Type‐matching of canine PP appears unnecessary and does not reduce incidence of TR in dogs.

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“…Similarly, there is evidence in people supporting the use of antihistamines in other allergic reactions, for example, human atopic dermatitis, however, the use of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic transfusion reactions appears to be based on a translation from their utility in other allergic diseases. It should be noted that the use of antihistamines is the standard of care for treating allergic transfusion reactions in both human and veterinary medicine 49,52 …”

Section: Domain 4: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the use of antihistamines is the standard of care for treating allergic transfusion reactions in both human and veterinary medicine. 49,52 The British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) guidelines on the investigation and management of acute transfusion reactions state that there are no known trials specifically evaluating the treatment of cutaneous allergic transfusion reactions during a transfusion. 49 However, clinical experience suggests that patients with skin reactions (pruritus or rash) with no other clinical symptoms can continue to receive the transfusion.…”

Section: Agreement: 13/13 Evidence Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) transfusion reaction small animal consensus statement (TRACS). Part 3: Diagnosis and treatment

Odunayo

Nash²,

Davidow

et al. 2021

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective To systematically review available evidence to develop guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of transfusion‐associated reactions in dogs and cats. Design Standardized and systemic evaluation of the literature (identified through Medline via PubMed and Google Scholar searches) was carried out for identified transfusion reaction types in dogs and cats. The available evidence was evaluated using PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) questions generated for each reaction type. The evidence was categorized by level of evidence (LOE) and quality (Good, Fair, or Poor). Guidelines, diagnostic, and treatment algorithms were generated based on the evaluation of the evidence. Consensus on the final guidelines was achieved through Delphi‐style surveys. Draft recommendations were disseminated through veterinary specialty listservs for review and comments, which were evaluated and integrated prior to final publication. Results Medline via PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. There were 14 Population Intervention Comparison Outcome questions identified and corresponding worksheets were developed focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of transfusion‐associated reactions in dogs and cats. Fourteen guidelines and four algorithms were developed with a high degree of consensus. Conclusions This systematic evidence evaluation process yielded recommended diagnostic and treatment algorithms for use in practice. However, significant knowledge gaps were identified, demonstrating the need for additional research in veterinary transfusion medicine.

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Prevention and Treatment of Transfusion Reactions

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Xenotransfusion of anemic cats with blood compatibility issues: pre‐ and posttransfusion laboratory diagnostic and crossmatching studies

Xenotransfusion of anemic cats with blood compatibility issues: pre‐ and posttransfusion laboratory diagnostic and crossmatching studies

Indications for use and complications associated with canine plasma products in 170 patients

Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) transfusion reaction small animal consensus statement (TRACS). Part 3: Diagnosis and treatment

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