Prevention, Control, and Mitigation of Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts on Fish, Shellfish, and Human Consumers

Sellner, Kevin G.; Rensel, J.E.

doi:10.1002/9781118994672.ch12

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 278 publications

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“…Physical and chemical control methods can remove HABs efficiently and are used operationally as a last resort in mariculture, but they can be costly, lack specificity to HABs, and are generally less effective in coastal situations in comparison with enclosed or semi-enclosed aquatic systems. Alternatively, biological control methods can be potentially more specific for individual HAB species, minimising impact on other non-target species, but they are more difficult to constrain in non-enclosed systems and have not progressed beyond laboratory or field trials for mariculture applications (reviewed in NOAA, 2015;Sellner & Rensel 2018;Sun et al 2018;Gallardo-Rodr ıguez et al 2019).…”

Section: Direct Interventions For Controlling Hab Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical control methods include the use of barriers or skirts, for example, around fish net pens and/or the removal of HAB cells by water column mixing, filtering, flocculation, settlement, sediment burial and dredging, or HAB cell lysis using ultrasound (Sellner & Rensel 2018). Water column mixing using water or air pumping systems leads to disruption of thermal stratification and impairment of algal buoyancy or alteration of their daily migration patterns, removing them from the photic zone and preventing photosynthesis.…”

Section: Direct Interventions For Controlling Hab Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As considerable quantities of clay are needed, from 100 to 400 g/m 2 (Park et al 2013), physical resuspension of local sediments or importation on ships are a practical solutions. Subsequent flocculation, sinking and burial of HAB cells and/or cysts can be followed by dredging and physical or chemical treatment before discharging the sediments back to the removal site (NOAA, 2015;Sellner & Rensel 2018). Potential drawbacks include the removal of non-harmful algae.…”

Section: Direct Interventions For Controlling Hab Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

Brown

Lilley

Shutler

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

142

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Aquaculture is the fastest growing food sector globally and protein provisioning from aquaculture now exceeds that from wild capture fisheries. There is clear potential for the further expansion of marine aquaculture (mariculture), but there are associated risks. Some naturally occurring algae can proliferate under certain environmental conditions, causing deoxygenation of seawater, or releasing toxic compounds (phycotoxins), which can harm wild and cultured finfish and shellfish, and also human consumers. The impacts of these so-called harmful algal blooms (HABs) amount to approximately 8 $billion/yr globally, due to mass mortalities in finfish, harvesting bans preventing the sale of shellfish that have accumulated unsafe levels of HAB phycotoxins and unavoided human health costs. Here, we provide a critical review and analysis of HAB impacts on mariculture (and wild capture fisheries) and recommend research to identify ways to minimise their impacts to the industry. We examine causal factors for HAB development in inshore versus offshore locations and consider how mariculture itself, in its various forms, may exacerbate or mitigate HAB risk. From a management perspective, there is considerable scope for strategic siting of offshore mariculture and holistic Environmental Approaches for Aquaculture, such as offsetting nutrient outputs from finfish farming, via the co-location of extractive shellfish and macroalgae. Such pre-emptive, ecosystem-based approaches are preferable to reactive physical, chemical or microbiological control measures aiming to remove or neutralise HABs and their phycotxins. To facilitate mariculture expansion and long-term sustainability, it is also essential to evaluate HAB risk in conjunction with climate change.

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Section: Direct Interventions For Controlling Hab Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Interventions For Controlling Hab Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Interventions For Controlling Hab Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

Brown

Lilley

Shutler

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

142

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“…In recent years, algal blooms have occurred frequently in the world's oceans, especially in Chinese marginal seas, which had a great negative impact on marine ecosystems, aquaculture, and human health (Mello et al. , Sellner and Rensel ). Skeletonema costatum is considered to be one of the most abundant and cosmopolitan diatoms in coastal environments (Ogura et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Two Coastal Algae (Skeletonema costatum and Chlorella vulgaris) to Changes in Light and Iron Levels¹

Wang

Chen

Zheng

et al. 2020

Journal of Phycology

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Iron (Fe) is essential for phytoplankton growth and photosynthesis, and is proposed to be an important factor regulating algal blooms under replete major nutrients in coastal environments. Here, Skeletonema costatum, a typical red‐tide diatom species, and Chlorella vulgaris, a widely distributed Chlorella, were chosen to examine carbon fixation and Fe uptake by coastal algae under dark and light conditions with different Fe levels. The cellular carbon fixation and intracellular Fe uptake were measured via 14C and 55Fe tracer assay, respectively. Cell growth, cell size, and chlorophyll‐α concentration were measured to investigate the algal physiological variation in different treatments. Our results showed that cellular Fe uptake proceeds under dark and the uptake rates were comparable to or even higher than those in the light for both algal species. Fe requirements per unit carbon fixation were also higher in the dark resulting in higher Fe: C ratios. During the experimental period, high Fe addition significantly enhanced cellular carbon fixation and Fe uptake. Compared to C. vulgaris, S. costatum was the common dominant bloom species because of its lower Fe demand but higher Fe uptake rate. This study provides some of the first measurements of Fe quotas in coastal phytoplankton cells, and implies that light and Fe concentrations may influence the phytoplankton community succession when blooms occur in coastal ecosystems.

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“…Changes in the composition and functioning of estuarine and nearshore ecosystems due to coastal development and climate change, are contributing to long-term declines in coastal marine fisheries (Halpern et al 2008;Lotze et al 2019;Vitousek et al 1997). The prevalence of harmful algal blooms and heavy metals is increasingly affecting the safety of seafood consumption (Cottrell et al 2019;Fuentes-Gandara et al 2018;Purcell et al 2007;Sellner and Rensel 2018;Zhang and Gui 2015). These impacts are significantly reducing gains towards reaching SDG 2 (Zero Hunger).…”

Section: Business-as-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceans and Society: Feedbacks between ocean and human health

Nash¹,

Putten

Alexander

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The concentration of human population along coastlines has far-reaching effects on ocean and societal health. The oceans provide benefits to humans such as food, coastal protection and improved mental well-being, but can also impact negatively via natural disasters. At the same time, humans influence ocean health, for example, via coastal development or through environmental stewardship. Given the strong feedbacks between ocean and human health there is a need to promote desirable interactions, while minimising undesirable interactions. To this end, we articulate two scenarios for 2030. First, Business-as-Usual, named 'Command & (Out of ) Control ', focuses on the anticipated future based on our current trajectory. Second, a more sustainable scenario called 'Living & Connecting ', emphasises the development of interactions between oceans and society consistent with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. We describe a potential pathway to achieving the 'Living & Connecting' scenario, centred on improving marine citizenship, achieving a more equitable distribution of power among stakeholders, and more equitable access to resources and opportunities. The constituent actions of this pathway can be categorised into four groups: (i) improved approaches to science and health communication that account for society's diverse values, beliefs and worldviews, (ii) a shift towards more trusted relationships among stakeholders to enable two-way knowledge exchange, (iii) economic incentives that encourage behavioural changes necessary for achieving desired sustainability outcomes, and (iv) stronger regulations that simultaneously focus on ocean and human health. We contend that these changes will provide improved outcomes for both oceans and society over the UN Decade of Ocean Science.

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Prevention, Control, and Mitigation of Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts on Fish, Shellfish, and Human Consumers

Cited by 14 publications

References 278 publications

Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

Responses of Two Coastal Algae (Skeletonema costatum and Chlorella vulgaris) to Changes in Light and Iron Levels¹

Oceans and Society: Feedbacks between ocean and human health

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Prevention, Control, and Mitigation of Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts on Fish, Shellfish, and Human Consumers

Cited by 14 publications

References 278 publications

Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

Responses of Two Coastal Algae (Skeletonema costatum and Chlorella vulgaris) to Changes in Light and Iron Levels1

Oceans and Society: Feedbacks between ocean and human health

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Responses of Two Coastal Algae (Skeletonema costatum and Chlorella vulgaris) to Changes in Light and Iron Levels¹