Prévention des invasions de criquets pèlerins : analyse socio-technique d’un dispositif de gestion du risque

Abstract

De par leur nature et leurs conséquences, les invasions de criquet pèlerin sont des phénomènes incertains, dynamiques et complexes auxquels des acteurs variés s'attachent à faire face. Les gestionnaires des invasions acridiennes établissent et « appareillent » des stratégies de surveillance et de lutte dont les résultats sont souvent difficiles à apprécier du fait de l'existence de situations de crise suivies de longs moments de rémission pendant lesquels les efforts de veille et de lutte peuvent parfois sembler superflus. L'invasion de 2003-2005 en Afrique de l'Ouest a réactivé le débat sur l'importance économique de cet insecte, sur l'évaluation des opérations de lutte préventive et curative, ainsi que sur les solutions stratégiques réalistes aux problèmes posés par ce ravageur. Cet article rend compte d'un travail de terrain réalisé en Mauritanie. Il tente de décrire et de comprendre les défaillances du dispositif de lutte préventive qui ont conduit à cette dernière invasion. Notre travail de compréhension de la mise en gestion passe ici par une lecture diachronique basée sur l'analyse des documents qui forment la traçabilité d'un tel processus. Nous verrons comment cette analyse nous permet de formuler quelques pistes de réflexion sur les défaillances du dispositif de prévention contre les invasions de criquet pèlerin et sur les propositions que cela invite à formuler pour y faire face.

Improving preventive locust management: insights from a multi‐agent model

“…The other results also show that the speed of the funding bodies' reaction to dealing with a locust crisis is proportional to the invasion that arises. This tallies well with some events described by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) services that face lengthy administrative delays in releasing funds after the early warnings they issue . This also indicates that funders should rather keep their budget renewal threshold as low as possible if they are aware that a risk oversight will happen anyway.…”

“…who obtained similar results on the need to allocate a minimum effort to passive surveillance of invasive species. But unfortunately in current systems, the less attention the locusts receive, the more the funding decreases . Such a model could be used to convince donors – at international but also at national level − to provide greater and faster support in the event of a crisis but also over the long term.…”

“…This tallies well with some events described by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) services that face lengthy administrative delays in releasing funds after the early warnings they issue. 5,23,47 This also indicates that funders should rather keep their budget renewal threshold as low as possible if they are aware that a risk oversight will happen anyway. More factually, it implies that funders should show at least greater reactivity in response to an alert.…”

“…© 2017 Society of Chemical Industry Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] …”

The limitations of locust preventive management faced with spatial uncertainty: exploration with a multi‐agent model

“…Second, Gay et al 28 showed that the speed of the funding body's reaction to dealing with a locust crisis is proportional to the invasion that arises. The services of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in charge of providing emergency assistance to countries facing locust invasions often come up against administrative delays in releasing funds, 10,33,34 and funders need to show greater reactivity in response to an alert. Third, Gay et al 28 showed that if the interest of funders in supporting preventive management did not decrease, even after a long period without invasions, invasions could be virtually non-existent.…”