Questions concerning animals’ role in society have received little attention from Organization Studies. This article develops and tests some theoretical and methodological propositions aimed at contributing to the elaboration of an analytical framework for interpreting our organized relations with animals and furthering our understanding of what makes human–animal relations ‘organizational’. First, examining the role of animals in the ‘non-human turn’ that has been emerging, especially with the Actor–Network Theory and the Symmetrical Anthropology project, it adresses the limits of the ‘non-human’ category to analyze situations of coordination of collective action involving animals. It then develops the concept of anthrozootechnical agencement to envisage the role of animals in the course of action through the lens of their relational properties and applies the notion of script to propose an operational formulation of the specifically organizational trials to which these particular agencements are subjected. Based on three case studies (the role of the leash in the organization of human–dog relations, the management of wolves’ return to France, and the production of milk on a dairy farm), this article shows that two main types of operation make human–animal relations ‘organizational’: first, the organization of anthrozootechnical relations is constituted by and constitutive of the combination of three types of specifically organizational test to which these particular agencements are subjected (the performance test, the coherence test, and the dimensioning test); second, the work of organizing anthrozootechnical relations then consists in elaborating, executing, and transforming heterogeneous scripts that are never strictly indexed on the nature (human, animal, technique) of the entities they concern.

De par leur nature et leurs conséquences, les invasions de criquet pèlerin sont des phénomènes incertains, dynamiques et complexes auxquels des acteurs variés s'attachent à faire face. Les gestionnaires des invasions acridiennes établissent et « appareillent » des stratégies de surveillance et de lutte dont les résultats sont souvent difficiles à apprécier du fait de l'existence de situations de crise suivies de longs moments de rémission pendant lesquels les efforts de veille et de lutte peuvent parfois sembler superflus. L'invasion de 2003-2005 en Afrique de l'Ouest a réactivé le débat sur l'importance économique de cet insecte, sur l'évaluation des opérations de lutte préventive et curative, ainsi que sur les solutions stratégiques réalistes aux problèmes posés par ce ravageur. Cet article rend compte d'un travail de terrain réalisé en Mauritanie. Il tente de décrire et de comprendre les défaillances du dispositif de lutte préventive qui ont conduit à cette dernière invasion. Notre travail de compréhension de la mise en gestion passe ici par une lecture diachronique basée sur l'analyse des documents qui forment la traçabilité d'un tel processus. Nous verrons comment cette analyse nous permet de formuler quelques pistes de réflexion sur les défaillances du dispositif de prévention contre les invasions de criquet pèlerin et sur les propositions que cela invite à formuler pour y faire face.

PurposeLegumes are essential to agrifood sustainability transition. Their nutritional values contribute towards healthy diets, a reduction in animal-based protein consumption and in nitrogen fertilization in crop rotations, therefore meaning a reduction in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. However, legume consumption remains low in Europe and institutional food services (IFS) could be an important lever for fostering new eating habits. This study aims to investigate legume use in IFS and identify brakes and levers in their promotion. MethodsWe built a socio-technical framework to analyse: frequency and diversity of legumes served; cooking practices and uses of legumes in dishes, including alternative (vegetarian/vegan) dishes; legume sourcing strategies through supply chain organisations and eco-labels. We addressed a wide survey to IFS kitchens in France, the largest IFS sector in Europe. Based on 383 complete answers, we have revealed heterogeneous IFS practices through clustering methods. ResultsThis first and original study demonstrates how even if they are few in number (16%), kitchens that develop legumes the most are also those with the strongest sustainability profile (more alternative dishes, local and organic sourcing). Moreover, our clustering analysis revealed that self-managed and medium-sized kitchens are more committed to sustainable practices regarding legumes. Legumes are least served in the Education segment. ConclusionWe discuss ways to foster legumes through the IFS sector, based on cooks' training, recipes and technical infrastructures, and consumer recognition of legume benefits.

Cet article s’intéresse aux conditions de maintien et de pérennisation des dispositifs et des organisations chargées de la gestion préventive de phénomènes intermittents de faible fréquence soumis à l’épreuve de l’attente. Il propose une lecture sociologique centrée sur les modalités d’instauration et de fonctionnement d’un dispositif de gestion des invasions de criquets pèlerins en Mauritanie. À partir d’une analyse empirique à trois niveaux (étude des conditions historiques de la structuration du dispositif de lutte préventive contre les invasions acridiennes, étude des discours gestionnaires contrastés qui accompagnent la fabrique d’une attente vigilante et étude ethnographique au sein d’un centre de lutte contre les invasions de criquets pèlerins), les auteurs proposent une analyse interprétative qui débouche sur la proposition et la caractérisation de la notion d’objet-frontière-transitionnel. Ce travail propose une contribution originale à l’analyse des modalités de surveillance dans la structuration des régimes biosécuritaires impliquant des formes de vie instables.

Research Framework : The general challenge and originality of this thematic issue of the journal Enfances Familles Générations consists in jointly exploring two major social transformations brought about by the integration of animals into families : the first transformation being in human families and the second in human-animal relationships. Objectives : The purpose of this introduction to the thematic issue "The Place and Impact of Animals in Families" is to present the current state of knowledge on the subject, by characterizing the approaches taken and identifying blind spots and how to address them. Methodology : The article is based on a review of the literature and an analysis of approximately 100 English- and French-language publications in the social sciences and humanities that focus on the place and effect of animals in families. Results : The first part of the article is devoted to an analytical presentation of the literature. Three principal methods of integrating animals into families can be identified in the works studied : integration, assimilation and substitution. In addition, two types of approaches have been favoured to date on how to understand the family in its relationship with animals : "fixist" and flexible. The second part of the article develops a critical analysis of this research. We show that, taken as a whole, these studies generate a naturalization effect of the very specific zoological, sociological and spatio-temporal realities studied. We show that this naturalization is linked to the ill-considered use of certain semantic categories ("companion animal," "family pet" or simply "pet") 1 . It is also linked to particular systems for the production of sociological knowledge on the place of animals in families (based in part on data provided by key players in the pet industry, or created on a pointedly moral foundation). Conclusions : The article underlines the need to develop and implement a genuine sociology of family/animal relationships that, on the one hand, more candidly assumes the implicit biases that have guided research to date (a clear positioning in relation to the three methods of integrating animals into families), and on the other hand seeks to denaturalize the categories it uses while questioning the knowledge systems within which it is embedded. Contribution : Beyond a critical and problematized interpretation of the literature, this article outlines several lines of research that aim to complete and rebalance the particular image that the current literature on the dynamics of integrating animals into the family provides. Five lines are identified : (1) the symbolic construction of the integration of animals into the family (artistic and media representations, construction of categories) ; (2) the physical conditions of this integration (role of technical objects, markets) ; (3) the role of animals in the construction of the identity and socialization of families ; (4) the uses of learned and secular discourses on animal families to define and legitimize a model of human families ; (5) a sociological redefinition of the family, taking into account the different types of animal integration.