Prevention of Clostridium difficile -induced ileocecitis with Bacteriophage

Ramesh, Vijayashree; Fralick, Joe A.; Rolfe, Rial D.

doi:10.1006/anae.1999.0192

Cited by 78 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Phages have also been applied on meat as well as fruits (Leverentz et al 2001) and vegetables (Viazis et al 2011) to control pathogens. They have successfully controlled bacterial infections caused by different kinds of bacteria, like Salmonella (Andreatti Filho et al 2007), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (McVay et al 2007), Staphylococcus aureus (Wills et al 2005), Clostridium difficile (Ramesh et al 1999), Escherichia coli (Huff et al 2002), and Campylobacter (Loc Carrillo et al 2005) in large animals and poultry. They significantly reduced Salmonella enterica colonization and horizontal transmission (Lim et al 2012).…”

Section: Nonclinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages: the possible solution to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria

El‐Shibiny

El-Sahhar

2017

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Since their discovery in 1915, bacteriophages have been used to treat bacterial infections in animals and humans because of their unique ability to infect their specific bacterial hosts without affecting other bacterial populations. The research carried out in this field throughout the 20th century, largely in Georgia, part of USSR and Poland, led to the establishment of phage therapy protocols. However, the discovery of penicillin and sulfonamide antibiotics in the Western World during the 1930s was a setback in the advancement of phage therapy. The misuse of antibiotics has reduced their efficacy in controlling pathogens and has led to an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As an alternative to antibiotics, bacteriophages have become a topic of interest with the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are a threat to public health. Recent studies have indicated that bacteriophages can be used indirectly to detect pathogenic bacteria or directly as biocontrol agents. Moreover, they can be used to develop new molecules for clinical applications, vaccine production, drug design, and in the nanomedicine field via phage display.Key words: bacteriophages, antibiotics, biocontrol, infection, pathogenesis.Résumé : Les bactériophages ont été utilisés pour traiter des infections bactériennes chez l'animal et l'humain depuis leur découverte en 1915, à cause de leur capacité unique d'infecter leurs hôtes bactériens spécifiques, sans affecter les autres populations bactériennes. La recherche réalisée dans ce domaine au cours du vingtième siècle, principalement en Géorgie, dans une partie de l'URSS et en Pologne, a mené à l'établissement de protocoles thérapeutiques à partir de phages. Cependant, la découverte de la pénicilline et des antibiotiques sulfamidés au cours des années 1930 a retardé l'avancement de la thérapie par les phages. Le mauvais usage des antibiotiques depuis leur découverte a résulté en une augmentation du nombre de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques et une réduction de leur efficacité à contrôler d'importants pathogènes. Les bactériophages sont devenus un sujet d'intérêt comme alternative aux antibiotiques avec l'émergence de bactéries multirésistantes qui constituent une menace à la santé publique. Des études récentes ont indiqué que les bactériophages peuvent être utilisés indirectement pour détecter les bactéries pathogènes, ou directement, comme agents de contrôle biologique. De plus, ils peuvent être utilisés pour développer de nouvelles molécules à des fins d'applications cliniques, de production de vaccins, dans la conception de médicaments et dans le domaine de la nanomédecine, par l'exposition sur phage. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Nonclinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages: the possible solution to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria

El‐Shibiny

El-Sahhar

2017

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…However, in the former Soviet Union the therapeutic use of bacteriophages was further developed, which resulted in a number of reports on the use of phage therapy in English literature Chanishvili et al 2001;Sulakvelidze et al 2001). Experiments on laboratory animals and the use of phage therapy in veterinary medicine have also been reported (Smith and Huggins 1983;Berchieri et al 1991;Soothill 1992;Ramesh et al 1999;Biswas et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and activity of an Enterobacter aerogenes-specific bacteriophage under simulated gastro-intestinal conditions

Verthé

Possemiers

Boon

et al. 2004

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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A bacteriophage, designated UZ1 and showing lytic activity against a clinically important strain (BE1) of Enterobacter aerogenes was isolated from hospital sewage. The stability and lytic activity against this strain under simulated gastro-intestinal conditions was evaluated. After addition of bacteriophage UZ1 to a liquid feed at gastric pH 2, the phage was immediately inactivated and could not be recovered. However, by use of an antacid to neutralize stomach acidity, no significant changes in phage titer were observed after 2 h incubation at 37°C. After supplementing pancreatic juice and further incubation for 4 h, the phage titer remained stable. The persistence of UZ1 in a mixed microbial ecosystem that was representative for the large intestine was monitored using an in vitro simulation of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. A pulse administration of bacteriophage UZ1 at a concentration of 10 5 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml to reactor 3 (which simulates the ascending colon) showed that, in the absence of the host, bacteriophage UZ1 persisted for 13 days in the simulated colon, while the theoretical washout was calculated at 16 days. To assess its lytic activity in an intestinal microbial ecosystem, a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled E. aerogenes BE1 strain was constructed and gfp-specific primers were designed in order to quantify the host strain using real-time PCR. It was observed that bacteriophage UZ1 was able to replicate and showed lytic activity against E. aerogenes BE1/gfp in an intestinal microbial ecosystem. Indeed, after 17 h a 2 log unit reduction of E. aerogenes BE1/gfp was measured as compared with the assay without bacteriophage UZ1, while the phage titer increased by 2 log units at an initial multiplicity of infection of 0.07 PFU/colonyforming unit. This is the first report of an in vitro model to study bacteriophage activity in the complex intestinal microbial community.

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“…The association of CDAD with the disruption of the normal microbiota emphasizes the desirability of treatments which better target the pathogen without collateral damage to the protective commensal species. In this regard, bacteriophage therapy (21,33,34) has potential, and this approach has been investigated previously in the hamster disease model (35). Several temperate bacteriophages that are active against C. difficile have been identified and described in detail (12, 17-19, 27, 29, 42, 43).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of a Clostridium difficile Bacteriophage and Its Cloned Biologically Active Endolysin

2008

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Clostridium difficile infection is increasing in both frequency and severity, with the emergence of new highly virulent strains highlighting the need for more rapid and effective methods of control. Here, we show that bacteriophage endolysin can be used to inhibit and kill C. difficile. The genome sequence of a novel bacteriophage that is active against C. difficile was determined, and the bacteriophage endolysin gene was subcloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The partially purified endolysin was active against 30 diverse strains of C. difficile, and importantly, this group included strains of the major epidemic ribotype 027 (B1/NAP1). In contrast, a range of commensal species that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, including several representatives of the clostridium-like Firmicutes, were insensitive to the endolysin. This endolysin provides a platform for the generation of both therapeutic and detection systems to combat the C. difficile problem. To investigate a method for the protected delivery and production of the lysin in the gastrointestinal tract, we demonstrated the expression of active CD27L endolysin in the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis MG1363.

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Prevention of Clostridium difficile -induced ileocecitis with Bacteriophage

Cited by 78 publications

References 17 publications

Bacteriophages: the possible solution to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria

Bacteriophages: the possible solution to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria

Stability and activity of an Enterobacter aerogenes-specific bacteriophage under simulated gastro-intestinal conditions

Molecular Characterization of a Clostridium difficile Bacteriophage and Its Cloned Biologically Active Endolysin

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