Clinically significant Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CIAKI) is a severe complication of interventional contrast-based procedures of all kinds. It involves high morbidity, mortality, social and financial losses. Acute renal damage after coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention may occur in 1-2% of cases in the general population or 50+% of cases with high CIAKI exposure. It is essential to detect high-risk patients with renal damage as a major and frequent CIAKI predisposing factor. There are novel biomarkers with rapid or nearly instant response to acute subclinical contrast-induced renal damage, which are highly valuable in CIAKI diagnosis and for this reason desire deeper clinical research. Despite a number of controversies, prophylactic and therapeutic measures are practically the same in a vast majority of guidelines. An intravenous 0.9% NaCl solution remains the only proven measure in CIAKI prophylaxis and treatment, while the use of other pharmacological approaches still needs more relevant prospective clinical research. The aim of this paper was to review contemporary evidencebased CIAKI data.