Prevention of diet restriction induced hyperactivity but not body-weight reduction in rats co-treated with tryptophan: relationship with striatal serotonin and dopamine metabolism and serotonin-1A auto-receptor expression

Saeed, Raheel; Mahmood, Khalid; Ali, Sadia Basharat; Haleem, Darakhshan Jabeen

doi:10.1080/1028415x.2021.1901046

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…β-actin is well known as a house keeping gene showing stable expression in similar experiments we performed previously. 16 Primers for Rattus norvegicus β-actin gene (forward: 5′-ACCCACACTGTGCCCATCTA-3′ and reverse: 5′-CGGAACCGCTCATTGCC-3′) and that of 5-HT1A (forward: 5′-CCCCCCAAGAAGAGCCTGAA-3′ and reverse: 5′-GGCAGCCAGCAGAGGATGAA-3′) were used for amplification of both the genes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral, Hormonal, and Serotonergic Responses to Different Restricted Feeding Schedules in Rats

Saeed

Mahmood

Ali

et al. 2022

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

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To determine the effect of long-term restricted feeding schedules on behavior, serotonergic responses, and neuro-endocrine functions, metabolism of serotonin (5-HT) in the striatum, expression of serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) auto-receptor in the raphe nuclei and circulating levels of leptin and corticosterone were determined in female Wistar rats kept on excessive food restriction schedule. Due to a role of dietary deficiency of tryptophan (Trp) in influencing serotonergic neurotransmission, circulating levels of Trp were also determined. Estimations were done in 2 different restricted feeding models: time-restricted feeding (TRF) and diet restricted (DR). TRF animals were given access to food ad libitum only for 2 hours/day. The DR animals were given a small calculated amount of food each day. We found that chronic food restriction for 5 weeks cause a significant decrease in the body weight and produced hyperactivity in both, TRF and DR animals. Levels of Trp were declined in circulation and in the striatum. Similarly, the levels of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were decreased in the striatum. Also, the expression of 5-HT1A auto-receptor was declined in the raphe nuclei. These changes in 5-HT metabolism and 5-HT1A auto-receptor expression were more profound in DR animals as compare to TRF animals. Similarly, hypoleptinemia and increased corticosterone found in both models was higher in DR animals. Effect of dietary deficiency of Trp in the modulation of striatal 5-HT metabolism and its consequences on circulating leptin and corticosterone are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral, Hormonal, and Serotonergic Responses to Different Restricted Feeding Schedules in Rats

Saeed

Mahmood

Ali

et al. 2022

Int J�Tryptophan�Res

Self Cite

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“…Alternatively, it can be assumed that as stress increases TRP hydroxylase activity, even a minor rise in brain TRP leads to its immediate conversion into serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Chronic intraperitoneal TRP administration attenuated the hyperactivity associated with a 38-day starvation in rats [ 82 ]. TRP treatment in starving rats normalized the declining levels of dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites in the striatum [ 82 ].…”

Section: Dietary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic intraperitoneal TRP administration attenuated the hyperactivity associated with a 38-day starvation in rats [ 82 ]. TRP treatment in starving rats normalized the declining levels of dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites in the striatum [ 82 ].…”

Section: Dietary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspective on Anorexia Nervosa: Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Hypothesis

2023

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Anorexia nervosa (AN), affecting up to 4% of all females and 0.3% of all males globally, remains the neuropsychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate. However, the response to the current therapeutic options is rarely satisfactory. Considering the devastating prognosis of survival among patients with AN, further research aimed at developing novel, more effective therapies for AN is essential. Brain and serum tryptophan is mostly converted along the kynurenine pathway into multiple neuroactive derivatives, whereas only 1–2% is used for the synthesis of serotonin. This narrative review provides an update on the experimental and clinical research data concerning the metabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway in anorexia nervosa based on the available literature. We propose that in AN, lower levels of L-kynurenine and kynurenic acid result in diminished stimulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which could contribute to abnormally low body weight. The impact of L-kynurenine supplementation on anorexia in animal models and the effects of changes in tryptophan and downstream kynurenines on the clinical progression of AN require further investigation. Moreover, prospective clinical studies on larger cohorts of restrictive and binge-eating/purging AN patients and assessing the potential benefit of L-kynurenine as an add-on therapeutic agent, should follow.

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Eating Disorders in South Asia

Vaidyanathan

Menon²

2023

Eating Disorders

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Prevention of diet restriction induced hyperactivity but not body-weight reduction in rats co-treated with tryptophan: relationship with striatal serotonin and dopamine metabolism and serotonin-1A auto-receptor expression

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Behavioral, Hormonal, and Serotonergic Responses to Different Restricted Feeding Schedules in Rats

Behavioral, Hormonal, and Serotonergic Responses to Different Restricted Feeding Schedules in Rats

New Perspective on Anorexia Nervosa: Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Hypothesis

Eating Disorders in South Asia

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