Prevention of Russian Influenza by Amantadine

Monto, Arnold S.

doi:10.1001/jama.1979.03290360019018

Cited by 104 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This conclusion is further supported by the distribution of the dual mutation, which is present in almost all viruses from the Vietnam/Thailand/Malaysia sublineage [2] and which has otherwise been recorded only in 1 isolate from elsewhere (A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU250/03). Although it is not known how the dual mutants observed in the present study were generated, amantadine appears to retain the potential to be useful in an H5N1 pandemic in the absence of a vaccine, as a prophylactic agent [15] and as a component of combination antiviral therapy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Distribution of Amantadine‐Resistant H5N1 Avian Influenza Variants in Asia

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined the distribution of genetic mutations associated with resistance to the M2 ion channel-blocking adamantane derivatives, amantadine and rimantadine, among H5N1 viruses isolated in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Hong Kong, and China. More than 95% of the viruses isolated in Vietnam and Thailand contained resistance mutations, but resistant mutants were less commonly isolated in Indonesia (6.3% of isolates) and China (8.9% of isolates), where human infection was recently reported. The dual mutation motif Leu26Ile-Ser31Asn (leucine-->isoleucine at aa 26 and serine-->asparagine at aa 31) was found almost exclusively in all resistant isolates from Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia, suggesting the biological selection of these mutations.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Distribution of Amantadine‐Resistant H5N1 Avian Influenza Variants in Asia

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Alsons was that studies of the effects of amantadine prophylaxis on though such viruses might represent naturally resistant variants, influenza infections [16][17][18][19][20] indicate that subclinical infections we assumed that resistant influenza variants are not present at the account for about one-third of infections. Since not every infection time the epidemic is recognized.…”

Section: Modeling An Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since not every infection time the epidemic is recognized. The existence of naturally resisleads to illness and chemoprophylaxis raises the probability of tant variants can be easily included in the model by using a positive having a subclinical infection [16][17][18][19][20], therapy or chemoprophyvalue for the initial condition of the I r group. laxis may cause a redistribution among groups of infected persons.…”

Section: Modeling An Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Drug Resistance during an Influenza Epidemic: Insights from a Mathematical Model

Stilianakis¹,

Perelson²,

Hayden³

1998

Journal of Infectious Diseases

118

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A model was developed for the emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses during a closed population influenza epidemic that occurs in a single wave. The model was used to consider several treatment and chemoprophylaxis strategies and to determine their effects on the spread of the infection. The model predicts frequent emergence and transmission of drug-resistant viruses with certain treatment scenarios. According to the model, chemoprophylaxis of susceptible persons (without treatment of those who are symptomatic) may be the best way to reduce the force of an epidemic and to keep development of drug resistance low. The model predictions indicate that the relative transmissibility of resistant variants compared with wild type virus and the choice of the treatment or chemoprophylaxis strategy can be decisive for the spread of drug-resistant viruses, a feature that may be crucial in a pandemic.

show abstract

“…The point estimates of efficacy against confirmed cases of influenza A illness were 59%-100% during the 1968 pandemic and 31%-71% during the reemergence of H1N1 in 1977 [31,32]. The estimated overall efficacy rate was ∼60%-70%, which is somewhat lower than the rates noted in similar studies during interpandemic years (see above), but it is still clinically useful.…”

Section: Prophylaxis Against Pandemic Influenzamentioning

confidence: 75%

Antiviral Management of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza

Hayden

Pavia

2006

J INFECT DIS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goals of antiviral treatment for influenza are to decrease symptoms and functional disability and, more important, to decrease associated complications, hospitalizations, and mortality. Four drugs have been approved for treatment of and prophylaxis against influenza in the United States, but they are underutilized. The M2 ion channel inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine are effective for prophylaxis, and they decrease the duration of symptoms if they are used for early treatment of influenza A. The rapid emergence of resistance during therapy and, recently, the circulation of resistant H3N2 viruses in the community have decreased the usefulness of these M2 ion channel inhibitors. Early therapy with neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, either oseltamivir or zanamivir, reduces the duration of symptoms, the duration of disability, and the risk of lower respiratory tract complications. Oseltamivir has been shown to decrease antibiotic use, the number of hospitalizations, and, probably, the risk of death after influenza. NA inhibitors might provide substantial benefits in the treatment of pandemic influenza, with reductions in the numbers of hospitalizations and deaths occurring if such treatment (1) is made available in sufficient time, through rapid distribution, and (2) is available in sufficient quantities as a result of stockpiling. Both of the aforementioned NA inhibitors are highly effective for prophylaxis. Geographically targeted mass chemoprophylaxis might contain the spread of a pandemic virus, but multiple hurdles to successful implementation exist. Resistance to oseltamivir occurs with the H274Y variant in viruses that contain N1; however, to date, such variants have been less fit, have not been transmitted from person to person, and have retained susceptibility to zanamivir. Alternative agents and approaches, including parenteral and combination therapy, for the treatment of influenza are needed in the near and long term.

show abstract

Prevention of Russian Influenza by Amantadine

Cited by 104 publications

References 14 publications

Distribution of Amantadine‐Resistant H5N1 Avian Influenza Variants in Asia

Distribution of Amantadine‐Resistant H5N1 Avian Influenza Variants in Asia

Emergence of Drug Resistance during an Influenza Epidemic: Insights from a Mathematical Model

Antiviral Management of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About