Prevention of type 2 diabetes in urban American  Indian/Alaskan Native communities: The Life in  BALANCE pilot study

Benyshek, Daniel C.; Chino, Michelle; Dodge-Francis, Carolee; Begay, Toricellas; Jin, Hongbin; Giordano, C.

doi:10.4236/jdm.2013.34028

Cited by 17 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Lastly, nutrition transition among arctic and subarctic foragers has happened gradually, allowing researchers to more fully capture disease profiles among these populations. An overwhelming amount of data now suggests that rather than malnutrition, transitioning populations in these ecological zones suffer from impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity (Burrows, Geiss, Engelgau, & Acton, ; Benyshek et al, ; Ebbesson et al, ; Jørgensen et al, ).…”

Section: Forager Nutrition Health and Human Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current views on hunter‐gatherer nutrition and the evolution of the human diet

Crittenden

Schnorr

2017

American J Phys Anthropol

135

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Diet composition and food choice are not only central to the daily lives of all living people, but are consistently linked with turning points in human evolutionary history. As such, scholars from a wide range of fields have taken great interest in the role that subsistence has played in both human cultural and biological evolution. Central to this discussion is the diet composition and nutrition of contemporary hunters and gatherers, who are frequently conscripted as model populations for ancestral human nutrition. Research among the world's few remaining foraging populations is experiencing a resurgence, as they are making the final transition away from diets composed of wild foods, to those dominated by domesticated cultigens and/or processed foods.In an effort to glean as much information as possible, before such populations are no longer hunting and gathering, researchers interested in the evolution of human nutrition are rapidly collecting and accessing new and more data. Methods of scientific inquiry are in the midst of rapid change and scholars are able to revisit long-standing questions using state of the art analyses. Here, using the most relevant findings from studies in ethnography, nutrition, human physiology, and microbiomes, we provide a brief summary of the study of the evolution of human nutrition as it has specifically pertained to data coming from living hunter-gatherers. In doing so, we hope to bridge the disciplines that are currently invested in research on nutrition and health among foraging populations. K E Y W O R D Sdiet composition, forager, gut microbiome, human evolution, nutrition | I N T R O D U C T I O NDiet composition and food choice are indisputably a core facet in all human societies. Changes in diet are routinely associated with watershed moments in human evolution-such as tool making, brain expansion, family formation, cooperation, and even increased longevity (Aiello & Wheeler, 1995; Lee & DeVore, 1968;Wrangham, 2009). In the not-too-distant past, before industrialization, the rise of the middle class, and the development of market economies, procuring and preparing enough food to feed one's self and one's family occupied a significant portion of daily labor. In contemporary unindustrialized small-scale societies, this is still largely the case (Hawkes et al., 1997;Marlowe, 2010;Wood & Marlowe, 2013). Appropriately, anthropologists take great interest in the role that food and diet have had in human biological and cultural evolution (Messer, 1984). The old proverbs, "you are what you eat" and "tell me what you eat and I'll tell you what you are" (Brillat-Savarin, 1862) speak about food not only as a physical embodiment of the environment, but also as a means of social identity and symbolic construction of culture. Naturally, these are anthropological dialogues, but at their core, they speak the language of many fields of biology. In order for scholars interested in the evolution of the human diet to integrate work from various disciplines, a collective conversation ...

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Section: Forager Nutrition Health and Human Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current views on hunter‐gatherer nutrition and the evolution of the human diet

Crittenden

Schnorr

2017

American J Phys Anthropol

135

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“…CHWs also recruited programme participants in four of the studies where they led the interventions [ 21 , 32 , 39 , 49 ] and provided follow-up support between the intervention programme/sessions in three studies [ 30 , 35 , 49 ]. Other CHW tasks included data collection [ 39 ] and entry [ 14 , 17 ], and recording attendance [ 18 , 49 ] and interactions between participants and project staff [ 23 ].…”

Section: Community Health Worker Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven studies reported on biochemical outcomes. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured in 10 studies; it was the primary outcome in six of these studies [ 14 , 18 , 22 , 28 – 30 , 33 – 35 , 37 , 39 , 45 ]. Six studies reported significant improvements in glucose levels between intervention and control groups or post- and pre-intervention periods [ 16 , 18 , 28 – 30 , 33 ].…”

Section: Community Health Worker Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is difficult to quantify the specific advantages of using CHWs to implement DPPs. However, DPPs that targeted vulnerable/underserved communities highlighted the importance of CHWs in contributing to their acceptability and appropriateness ( Table 3 ) [ 21 , 22 , 24 , 30 , 35 ]. Additionally, studies have also emphasised the importance of community participation per se as a major contributor to programme effectiveness [ 32 , 33 , 38 , 46 – 49 ].…”

Section: Community Health Worker Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles, responsibilities and characteristics of lay community health workers involved in diabetes prevention programmes: A systematic review

et al. 2017

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AimTo examine the characteristics of community health workers (CHWs) involved in diabetes prevention programmes (DPPs) and their contributions to expected outcomes.MethodsElectronic databases including PubMed-MEDLINE, EBSCOHost, and SCOPUS/EMBASE were searched for studies published between January 2000 and March 2016. All studies that used CHWs to implement DPP in ≥18-year-old participants without diabetes but at high risk for developing the condition, irrespective of the study design, setting or outcomes measured, were included. Results were synthesized narratively.ResultsForty papers of 30 studies were identified. Studies were mainly community-based and conducted in minority populations in USA. Sample sizes ranged from 20 participants in a single community to 2369 participants in 46 communities. Although CHWs were generally from the local community, their qualifications, work experience and training received differed across studies. Overall the training was culturally sensitive and/or appropriate, covering topics such as the importance of good nutrition and the benefits of increased physical activity, communication and leadership. CHWs delivered a variety of interventions and also screened or recruited participants. The shared culture and language between CHWs and participants likely contributed to better programme implementation and successful outcomes.ConclusionsThe complexity of DPPs and the diverse CHW roles preclude attributing specific outcomes to CHW involvement. Nevertheless, documenting potential CHW roles and the relevant training required may optimise CHW contributions and facilitate their involvement in DPPs in the future.

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“…The Life in BALANCE study (287) was a pilot translational study modeling the DPP intensive lifestyle coaching and targeting urban Native Americans in Las Vegas, Nevada. Subjects were "at-risk" with BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 and A1C 5.4 to 6.4% (36 to 46 mmol/mol), with 22 enrolled in a 16-week core program, but only 12 remained for the last follow-up (286).…”

Section: Diabetes Carementioning

confidence: 99%