Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Muscle Contraction Against Chronic Diseases

Raimondo, Domenico Di; Musiari, Gaia; Miceli, Giuseppe; Arnao, Valentina; Pinto, Antonio

doi:10.2174/1381612822666160510125011

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Since a sedentary lifestyle was considered the fourth major risk factor for mortality among the elderly 5 in 2014, we agree with the standpoint of Haskell et al 6 and Di Raimondo et al, 7 that a supervised physical activity program can help prevent or delay the occurrence of new diseases, especially those among the elderly, in addition to maintaining health, at all ages.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Physical Activity Program for Elderly and Economy for the Health System

et al. 2018

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Objective:To evaluate the impact of physical activity on the use of the health system and the quality of life in sedentary elderly.Methods:A prospective interventional study was carried out between March 2010 and February 2011 with 100 subjects (60-90 years of age,) divided into active group (AG) and control group (CG). During this period, AG performed physical exercise twice a week in 60-minute sessions and the CG remained sedentary with observation of their activities. Before and after the study, all subjects were clinically evaluated and completed a quality of life questionnaire.Results:Eighty-nine subjects (AG = 44; CG = 45) were analyzed. AG had fewer visits to emergency room (p = 0.0056), hospitalizations (p = 0.0011), length of hospital stay (p = 0.0012) and fewer subsidiary tests (p = 0.0236) compared to the CG. The quality of life score analyzed before and after physical activity increased in AG compared to CG (p < 0.0001) and among subjects in AG (p < 0.0001), with no change in the CG.Conclusion:The intervention of a physical activity program for sedentary elderly can contribute to reduce the use of the health system and improve the quality of life. Level of evidence II, Therapeutics Studies. Prospective comparative study.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Physical Activity Program for Elderly and Economy for the Health System

et al. 2018

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“…PE improves the activation of the nucleotide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase [(NAD(P)H] oxidase) by enhancing its antioxidant capability [ 10 ]. PE acts on endothelial functions by regulating endothelial genes which are effective in modulating oxidative metabolism, cell apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation, and endothelial vascular nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Biochemistry Of the Physical Exercise: Pro And Anti Oxidamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): A Review on Oxidative Disorders

Signorelli

Marino

Scuto

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that affects a wide range of the world’s population, reaching up to 200 million individuals worldwide. PAD particularly affects elderly individuals (>65 years old). PAD is often underdiagnosed or underestimated, although specificity in diagnosis is shown by an ankle/brachial approach, and the high cardiovascular event risk that affected the PAD patients. A number of pathophysiologic pathways operate in chronic arterial ischemia of lower limbs, giving the possibility to improve therapeutic strategies and the outcome of patients. This review aims to provide a well detailed description of such fundamental issues as physical exercise, biochemistry of physical exercise, skeletal muscle in PAD, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in PAD, and antioxidants in PAD. These issues are closely related to the oxidative stress in PAD. We want to draw attention to the pathophysiologic pathways that are considered to be beneficial in order to achieve more effective options to treat PAD patients.

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“…Moreover, the decreased level of plasma renin activity supports the hypothesis that the reduction in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system also affects the kidney, which is the most potent factor involved in long-term BP regulation (89). Another import role in the exercise-induced reduction of BP levels is played also by the consequent reduction of insulin resistance and improvement of the endothelial function obtained through regular training (1).…”

Section: Arterial Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since skeletal muscle represents the most extended organ in the human body, the identification of myokines is an important finding and may provide a biochemical explanation in recognizing molecular mechanisms that provide health beneficial effects in chronic disorders associated with systemic low-level inflammation (1,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In fact, regular physical activity has been demonstrated to reduce abdominal adiposity and improve weight control (10)(11)(12), reduce triglyceride levels, increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-to-HDL ratios (10,13), ameliorate glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity (14), lower blood pressure (BP) (15,16), improve autonomic tone (17,18), balance blood coagulation (19,20), augment coronary blood flow (21), improve cardiac function (22,23) and enhance endothelial function (24)(25)(26). Moreover, physical activity seems to play a fundamental role in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD modulating chronic inflammation as demonstrated by high circulating levels of inflammatory mediators that have been shown to be directly associated with most of the chronic diseases (1,27).…”

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confidence: 99%

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New insights about the putative role of myokines in the context of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary cardiovascular prevention

et al. 2017

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Exercise training prevents the onset and the development of many chronic diseases, acting as an effective tool both for primary and for secondary prevention. Various mechanisms that may be the effectors of these beneficial effects have been proposed during the past decades: some of these are well recognized, others less. Muscular myokines, released during and after muscular contraction, have been proposed as key mediators of the systemic effects of the exercise. Nevertheless the availability of an impressive amount of evidence regarding the systemic effects of muscle-derived factors, few studies have examined key issues: (I) if skeletal muscle cells themselves are the main source of cytokine during exercise; (II) if the release of myokines into the systemic circulation reach an adequate concentration to provide significant effects in tissues far from skeletal muscle; (III) what may be the role carried out by muscular cytokine regarding the well-known benefits induced by regular exercise, first of all the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. Furthermore, a greater part of our knowledge regarding myokines derives from the muscle of healthy subjects. This knowledge may not necessarily be transferred per se to subjects with chronic diseases implicating a direct or indirect muscular dysfunction and/or a chronic state of inflammation with persistent immune-inflammatory activation (and therefore increased circulating levels of some cytokines): cachexia, sarcopenia due to multiple factors, disability caused by neurological damage, chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) or coronary artery disease (CAD). A key point of future studies is to ascertain how is modified the muscular release of myokines in different categories of unhealthy subjects, both at baseline and after rehabilitation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the main findings on the role of myokines as putative mediators of the therapeutic benefits obtained through regular exercise in the context of secondary cardiovascular prevention.

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Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Muscle Contraction Against Chronic Diseases

Abstract: Exercise represents a unique case in which a single intervention is useful against a broad range of diseases and risk factors, this knowledge should lead to an ever-increasing use of this lifestyle change.

Cited by 18 publications

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Physical Activity Program for Elderly and Economy for the Health System

Physical Activity Program for Elderly and Economy for the Health System

Pathophysiology of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): A Review on Oxidative Disorders

New insights about the putative role of myokines in the context of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary cardiovascular prevention

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