Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis

Chen, Keyu; Xie, Kun; Liu, Zhuying; Nakasone, Yasushi; Sakao, Kozue; Hossain, Amzad; Hou, De‐Xing

doi:10.3390/nu11061225

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…We found that whole garlic and AFG had the same tendency to inhibit the ratio of GPT to GOT caused by HFD. Although we found that whole garlic inhibited the HFD-induced increases of TG and LDL [23], AFG had no significant effect on lipid metabolism in this study. These data suggested that the garlic OSCs played an important role in improvement of HFD-induced dyslipidemia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…These data suggested that the garlic OSCs played an important role in improvement of HFD-induced dyslipidemia. On the other hand, although both of the whole garlic [23] and AFG increased the relative abundance of f-Lachnospiraceae, g-Akkermansia, and g-Lactobacillus, AFG showed down-regulation of the diversity of gut bacteria, and whole garlic [23] showed up-regulation of the diversity of gut bacteria. It is possible that this is due to the interaction effect of garlic OSCs and fructans on gut microbiome, although the reason is still unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…f-Lachnospiraceae has been reported to be associated with anti-inflammatory activity [18], host mucosal integrity [19], the consumption of energy and the level of leptin [20]. Fructan [21,22] and whole garlic [23] have been reported to increase the abundance of f-Lachnospiraceae, but alliin was found to decreased it [24]. In particular, the relative abundance of g-Akkermansia decreased by aging and HFD diet, and increased by 5% AFG supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To understand the effects of allicin on the gut microbiome, we compared the whole garlic extract from our previous experiments [23]. We found that whole garlic and AFG had the same tendency to inhibit the ratio of GPT to GOT caused by HFD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome

Chen

Nakasone²,

Xie

et al. 2020

Molecules

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The allicin diallyldisulfid-S-oxide, a major garlic organosulfur compound (OSC) in crushed garlic (Allium sativum L.), possesses antibacterial effects, and influences gut bacteria. In this study, we made allicin-free garlic (AFG) extract and investigated its effects on gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with or without AFG in concentrations of 1% and 5% for 11 weeks. The genomic DNAs of feces were used to identify the gut microbiome by sequencing 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that the ratio of p-Firmicutes to p-Bacteroidetes increased by aging and HFD was reduced by AFG. In particular, the f-Lachnospiraceae, g-Akkermansia, and g-Lactobacillus decreased by aging and HFD was enhanced by AFG. The g-Dorea increased by aging and HFD decreased by AFG. In addition, the ratio of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase to glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GPT/GOT) in serum was significantly increased in the HFD group and decreased by AFG. In summary, our data demonstrated that dietary intervention with AFG is a potential way to balance the gut microbiome disturbed by a high-fat diet.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome

Chen

Nakasone²,

Xie

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…Previous reports have reported the cardiovascular effects of garlic including potentially irreversible antiplatelet activity, anticoagulant, fibrinolytic activity, a remarkable decrease in platelet accumulation and mixed activity on fibrinolytic effectiveness [130]. Chen et al [131] revealed that dehydrated raw garlic powder when administered orally resulted in acute injury to the gastric mucosa, whilst Yuncu et al [132] reported that AGE, the sulfur-free compound, protects the intestinal mucosa of experimental animals. Clinical studies reported that low doses of garlic are safe, whereas therapeutic doses might cause mild gastrointestinal disorders, while high doses have been reported to cause liver damage [82,123,133].…”

Section: Adverse Effects and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review

et al. 2020

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Medicinal plants have been used from ancient times for human healthcare as in the form of traditional medicines, spices, and other food components. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an aromatic herbaceous plant that is consumed worldwide as food and traditional remedy for various diseases. It has been reported to possess several biological properties including anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, renoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antihypertensive activities in traditional medicines. A. sativum is rich in several sulfur-containing phytoconstituents such as alliin, allicin, ajoenes, vinyldithiins, and flavonoids such as quercetin. Extracts and isolated compounds of A. sativum have been evaluated for various biological activities including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities among others. This review examines the phytochemical composition, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological activities of A. sativum extracts as well as its main active constituent, allicin.

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Association Between Lifestyle Factors, Vitamin and Garlic Supplementation, and Gastric Cancer Outcomes

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2020

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCEThe associations of lifestyle factors with gastric cancer (GC) are still underexplored in populations in China. Long-term nutritional supplementation may prevent GC in high-risk populations, but the possible effect modification by lifestyle factors remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate how lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol intake, and diet, may change the risk of GC incidence and mortality and whether the effects of vitamin and garlic supplementation on GC are associated with major lifestyle factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This is a secondary analysis of the Shandong InterventionTrial, a masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that aimed to assess the effect of vitamin and garlic supplementations and Helicobacter pylori treatment on GC in a factorial design with 22.3 years of follow-up. The study took place in Linqu County, Shandong province, China, a high-risk area for GC. Data were collected from Jully 1995 to December 2017. Overall, 3365 participants aged 35 to 64 years identified in 13 randomly selected villages who agreed to undergo gastroscopy were invited to participate in the trial and were included in the analysis. Data analysis was conducted from March to May 2019. INTERVENTIONSParticipants received vitamin and garlic supplementation for 7.3 years, H pylori treatment for 2 weeks (among participants with H pylori ), or placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcomes were GC incidence and GC mortality . We also examined the progression of gastric lesions (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003) as a secondary outcome. RESULTS Of the 3365 participants (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [9.2] years; 1639 [48.7%] women), 1677 (49.8%) were randomized to receive active vitamin supplementation, with 1688 (50.2%) receiving placebo, and 1678 (49.9%) receiving active garlic supplementation, with 1687 (50.1%) receiving placebo. Overall, 151 GC cases (4.5%) and 94 GC deaths (2.8%) were identified. Smoking was associated with increased risk of GC incidence (odds ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.003-2.93) and mortality(hazard ratio [HR], 2.01; 95% CI, 1.01-3.98). Smoking was not associated with changes to the effects of vitamin or garlic supplementation. The protective effect on GC mortality associated with garlic supplementation was observed only among those not drinking alcohol (never drank alcohol: HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.15-0.75; ever drank alcohol: HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.55-1.54; P for interaction = .03), and significant interactions were only seen among participants with H pylori (never drank alcohol: HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.12-0.78; ever drank alcohol: HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.52-1.60; P for interaction = .04). No significant interactions between vitamin supplementation and lifestyle factors were found. (continued) Key Points Question Are lifestyle factors associated with increased risk of gastric cancer (GC), and are they associated with changes in the long-term effects of vitamin and garlic supplementation on GC prevention in high-risk populations in China? Findings In this secondary anal...

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Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis

Cited by 54 publications

References 59 publications

Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome

Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review

Association Between Lifestyle Factors, Vitamin and Garlic Supplementation, and Gastric Cancer Outcomes

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