Previous viral symptoms and individual mothers influenced the leveled duration of human milk antibodies cross-reactive to S1 and S2 subunits from SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-OC43

Demers‐Mathieu, Véronique; DaPra, Ciera; Mathijssen, Gabrielle B.; Medo, Elena

doi:10.1038/s41372-021-01001-0

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…IgM can be produced during SARS-CoV-2 infection or after a vaccination in either serum or breast milk [ 9 , 17 , 18 ]. However, the assay we used for the detection of IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is based on the modified nucleocapsid protein (NCP).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in Breastfeeding Health Workers

et al. 2021

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Background: Initially, there were no data on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in lactating women. The aim of our study was to evaluate the immune response to COVID-19 vaccinations in breastfeeding women. Methods: The study included 32 breastfeeding women who, regardless of the study, had decided to be vaccinated. Maternal serum and breast milk samples were simultaneously collected on days 8 ± 1, 22 ± 2, 29 ± 3, and 43 ± 4 after the first dose of the vaccine. The immune response was assessed by determining the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA. Results: The breast milk IgG level was detectable (6.50 ± 6.74, median 4.7, and maximum 34.2 BAU/mL) and highly correlated to serum IgG level (rS 0.89; p < 0.001). The breast milk ratio of IgA to the cut-off value was higher in serum IgA-positive (4.18 ± 3.26, median 2.8, and maximum >10) than in serum IgA-negative women (0.56 ± 0.37, median 0.5, and maximum 1.6; p < 0.001). The highest concentrations of serum and breast milk antibodies were observed on day 29 ± 3 with a decrease on day 43 ± 4. Conclusion: The immune response to the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is strongest 7 ± 3 days after the second dose of the vaccine. Lactating mothers breastfeeding their children after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 may transfer antibodies to their infant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in Breastfeeding Health Workers

et al. 2021

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“…For this reason, and for its biological properties, SIgA is very important, as it is essential in defending mucous membranes [1]. Nevertheless, specific characteristics of lactating mothers may influence the kinetics of human milk antibodies due to the differences of previous infections (time since preexisting disease immunity), age, genetic factors, and individual immune response [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and antibody response in lactating women: a prospective cohort study

Charepe

Gonçalves

Juliano

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Immunological protection via breastfeeding is well known. The immunological profile of human milk changes during lactation. No clinical trials have been conducted in lactating women with the newest mRNA vaccines against SARS- CoV-2. A Few studies have shown the presence of antibodies in breastmilk after vaccination. The aim of this work is to study possible antibodies transfer via breastmilk and also the immunological characteristics of lactating women compared to non-lactating women, after using the BNT162b2 Pfizer vaccine. Methods This is a prospective cohort study with a convenience homogenous sample of 24 healthcare workers (14 lactating and 10 non-lactating women) enrolled at the time of COVID-19 vaccination. Clinical data was registered in a questionnaire. Titers of SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG, IgA and IgM were quantified in post vaccination blood and human milk. Antibody quantification was performed by an in-house ELISA to SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein. Results All women showed immunity after vaccination with positive antibodies for IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies. The dominant serum antibody response was IgG. Modest levels of antibodies in breastmilk of lactating mothers were observed in this study, especially IgG in 42.9%. There was a moderate association between higher titers of IgG and a longer duration of breastfeeding (R= 0.55, p=0.041). Conclusions Evidence of antibody transfer in human milk after COVID-19 vaccination is scarce. The presence of antibodies in human milk is reported, but immunization through breastfeeding is still to be established.

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“…First, recent endemic HCoV infection is associated with a reduced severity of COVID-19 and risk of admission to the intensive care unit [38]. Second, previous viral symptoms correlated with the level and duration of cross-reactive antibodies to S1 and S2 subunits of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 in breast milk [39]. Third, higher antibody levels against HCoV-OC43 S protein were seen in individuals with pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 reactive antibodies than in those without [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential pre-pandemic IgA reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating human coronaviruses measured in milk collected in Uganda and the USA

Tg¹,

Tj²,

Okurut³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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ObjectiveUganda, like other African countries, has registered fewer COVID-19 cases and deaths per capita than non-African countries. The lower numbers of cases and deaths in Uganda might be due to pre-existing cross-immunity induced by zoonotic coronaviruses or circulating common cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs) before the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to test this premise, we compared IgA reactivity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and HCoVs in breast milk of US and rural Ugandan mothers collected in 2018 before the COVID-19 epidemic. Ugandan and US pre-pandemic breast milk samples were run in duplicate on enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) to measure specific IgA antibody reactivity to the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2, human coronaviruses (HCoV) NL63, OC43, HKU1, and 229E. Pooled plasma from US COVID-19 positive and negative cases were employed as positive and negative controls, respectively. One Ugandan pre-pandemic milk sample had remarkably high reactivity against all HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. There was higher IgA reactivity against the betacoronavirus HCoV-OC43 in Ugandan pre-pandemic milk samples by comparison with US pre-pandemic milk samples (p = 0.018). By contrast, there was significantly higher IgA reactivity against the alphacoronaviruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 in US pre-pandemic milk samples by comparison with Ugandan pre-pandemic milk samples (p < 0.0001 and 0.035, respectively).ConclusionSome Ugandan mothers may have robust pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 due to cross-immunity induced by HCoVs which may be passed on to their infants via breastfeeding. The differential pre-pandemic reactivity of US mothers to HCoV 229E and HCoV NL63 may have contributed to suboptimal antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.

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Previous viral symptoms and individual mothers influenced the leveled duration of human milk antibodies cross-reactive to S1 and S2 subunits from SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-OC43

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Immune Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in Breastfeeding Health Workers

Immune Response to Vaccination against COVID-19 in Breastfeeding Health Workers

COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and antibody response in lactating women: a prospective cohort study

Differential pre-pandemic IgA reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating human coronaviruses measured in milk collected in Uganda and the USA

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